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OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management

A case study on water resources management in Tunisia, focusing on the uneven distribution of water resources, population growth and socio-economic development, and the challenges faced in providing this scarce resource. The study also explores the issues of water exploitation, quality, and capacity, and proposes strategies for sustainable water management.

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OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management

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  1. National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA OPTIMA Optimisation for SustainableWater Resources Management Tunisian case study Malta kick-off meeting October 28, 29th 2004

  2. 1/2 Water resources state • Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms • (Over 77% of the volume of dam water is stored in the North) • Population growth and socio-economic development: growth in water need • Increasing pressure on the country capacity to provide this scarce resource • Renewable groundwater is estimated to be about 1319 million m3/ year

  3. 2/2 Connections (overall) Drinkable water (provision)…………………………….96,4% Drinkablewater (household connection)………….79,1% Annual water Demand per sector and per inhabitant: Irrigation: 425 m3/year Domestic: 55 m3/year Industry : 35 m3/year • North: satisfying • South: lack of resources Sanitation (urban) Connection rate………………………………………….81% Water consumption : Water consumption in urban environment…….109 L/day/Inh

  4. Price range m3/term Fixed Fees/term 0,135/DT/m3 Water cost [0 – 20] 0,017/DT/m3 1,310 Sanitation fees 0 20 0,215/DT/m3 [21 – 40] 1,310DT 0,028 0,170 20 0 40 0,215/DT/m3 0,430/DT/m3 [41 – 70] 3,860DT 0,028 0,170 0,269 20 0 40 70 0,430 0,650 [71 – 150] 7,600DT 0,170 0,269 0,445 20 0 70 150 0,650 0,790 [> 150] 0,269 0,445 0,497 7,820DT 0,170 20 0 70 150 [150, …] Water & waste water pricing: Exemple: 0.135 x 10m3 + 0.017 m3 x 10 + 1.310 = 2.830 DT 1 DT = 0.65 €

  5. 1/2 Water resources Issues Exploitation Over exploitation of surface and groundwater • Urban extension generates a conflict between : • Water consumption, • Water Waste • Intensive irrigation using different kinds of water: • Drinkable water, • Treated water • Drilled water (superficial and deep wells)

  6. 2/2 36 billion m3/year Quality • High salinity: • Salinity ratio < 1.5g/l : reserved for drinking water : 83% • 1.5g/l < salinity ration <5g/l : can be used for irrigation of resistant crop type 14 % • >5g/l : desalinization : 3 % Capacity Evaporation: 80 %!!!!! 4,570 Billion m3 /year 2,7 Billion m3/year: surface water 1,870 Billion m3/year: Ground water

  7. Tunisian Water Policy • Skill development to satisfy water demand without rationning water • Diversification of hydraulic infrastructure to retain and manage Water Resources • Progressive law adaptation • Water is institutionalised and managed by 3 ministries

  8. Key Stakeholders Ministry of E.T.P Ministry of A.E.H.R Ministry of Public Health Laboratories and units SONEDE DGAT ANPE CRDA ONAS DGRE APAL DEGTH Regional Agencies Regional Agencies

  9. Key End-users Agriculture • The major consumer of Land and Water • Irrigated lands represent about a third of the hole agricultural areas • Agriculture now uses about 83% of the country’s water resources • Constitues a major source of pollution by nitrogen, phosphates and pesticides.

  10. Tourism • The touristic sector water consumption: 4.5 Mm3/year (30 Mm3 / year) Householders • The drinking water supply consumption: 175.1 Mm3/year (380 Mm3 / year) Industry • The industrial sector water consumption: 69.2 Mm3/year (110 Mm3 / year) Wastewater is estimated to be about 275 Mm3 / year

  11. Case study Gulf of Tunis

  12. Geographic location

  13. Area: 630 km2 Coastline length: 53 km Case study State Area: 1140 km2 Coastline length: 100 km Extent: fromRas Sidi Ali Mekki to Ras Fartas Coastline Type: wide and numerous sandy beaches Marine bottom Type: Sandy and muddy

  14. Case study state • The increase in the economic and human activities terribly affects the coastline • Two major rivers flow across the Gulf of Tunis • 1. in the north MEDJERDA river (1000Mm3/year) • 2. in the south MELIANE river (230 Mm3/year) • The Gulf of Tunis undergoes: • 1. an urban development • 2. concentration of socio-economic activities • Domestic wastewater • Industrial wastewater • runoff water

  15. Data collection 1. Geographic data • Maps in 1/25.000 Scale • satellite images in different resolution • (10 m, 2.5 m, and 1 meter) • Arial photographs • DEM in high resolution 25 meters • Coverages • View and simulation in 3 Dimensions • Land use maps

  16. 2. Meteorological data • Temperature time-series • Rainfall time-series • Wind speed and direction 3. socio-economic & bibliographic data • Statistics • National and regional reports ( state of environment – Land use Master Plans) • Studies

  17. Conclusion • We carried out many profitable studies about the Tunisian Water Resource Management • The reports and results of much research study are difficult to be obtained from other institutions ( Lack of communication ) • Reinforce the relationship between local all partners  Information-holders  

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