Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in the post 2012

1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in the post 2012 Ann Gordon Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment Belmopan

2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Content • Why Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions • Scope of NAMAs • Monitoring, Reporting and Verification • Current developing countries’ proposed NAMAs

3. Origin of NAMAs Paragraph 1 (b) (ii) of the Bali Action Plan calls for “Nationally appropriate mitigation actions’ by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner”.

4. What is a NAMA Appendix II to the Copenhagen Accord Source: ECOFYS-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

6. Divergent Views on NAMAs • All NAMAs financed • According to countries own rules • Covering full incremental costs • No new offset mechanisms • Only financed if embedded in a low carbon development plan • Based on international review • Only covering some costs of GHG emissions • New carbon market mechanisms (e.g. sectoral crediting)

7. National Climate Change Strategy Sectoral Strategy Sectoral Strategy INDUSTRY Sectoral Strategy BUILDINGS > Implementation of building codes > Define and implement building codes > Create institutions to support definition, implementation and enforcement > Promotion of solar thermal use > Conduct study and implement pilots > Information and capacity building > Incentives for efficient appliances > Implement labelling regulation Source ECOFYS: Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

8. Measurement, Reporting and Review (MRV)

9. Directly Supported NAMAs • Can be • Projects (e.g. Bus Rapid Transit lane) • Programmes (e.g. energy efficient lighting program) • Policy instrument and tools including: • Pilot programmes in local communities • Energy efficiency standard in buildings and transport sectors • Appliance labelling and provision of subsidies • Phasing out small inefficient power plants • Inefficient cement and steel plants • Replacement of incandescent light bulbs with compact fluoroscent bulbs • Removing fuel subsidies • Appropriate taxation policies • Development and implementation of a (sectoral) strategy • National mitigation target

10. How can NAMAs be MRV’ed? • Quantification of GHG emissions of individual policies (complex and uncertain) • Supported NAMAs: Emission reductions not sold on carbon market MRV does not have to be based on emissions • Alternative indicators possible e.g. effective use, achieved outcomes Source: ECOFYS-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Insights from example development

11. Current Developing Countries’ Proposed NAMAs Become climate neutral around 2020 • Costa Rica, Maldives Percentage reduction of national emission below BAU or base year in 2020 • Brazil, Indonesia, Israel, Marshal Islands, Mexico, Moldova, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea Percentage reduction of intensity (national emission per GDP) in 2020 from 2005 • China, India Detailed list of projects • Congo, Ethiopia, Jordan, Macedonia, Madagascar, Morocco, Sierra Leone

12. What is needed? • Initiate process of planning for and preparing for NAMAs and put in place necessary institutional arrangements to support such an endeavour • Need to ensure stakeholder consultation in the process and preparation of NAMAs. • Re-examine the structure and operation of the CDM and its approval system in order to facilitate the increased flow of crediting proposals post 2012. • Strengthen the Designated National Authorities • Awareness needed on climate change mitigation • Awareness by policymakers needed • No new institutions may be necessary to handle NAMAs

13. Conclusions • NAMAs should be based on well developed national and/or sector strategies – Strategic, long-term, transformational measures – Allows for comprehensive, packages of actions – Can also address difficult CDM sectors (e.g. transport, buildings) – Can consists of several components – Measurement not necessarily on emissions – Can be lead to carbon credits or not • Learn from existing experience in development finance • NAMAs could also take place outside of UNFCCC (e.g. bilateral and multilateral donors) • NAMAs can be implemented through the use of domestic resources and funding through the Green Climate Fund, complemented by the use of the market mechanisms, in a balanced manner.

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