UNDP-GEF Adaptation

1. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Climate Change and Land Degradation - Arusha Nyawira Muthui December 2006

2. UNDP Approach to Adaptation • Adaptation Project Portfolio • Presented on behalf of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Team

3. Further Information Contact: Bo Lim – UNDP-GEF Adaptation Unit Climate Change Adaptation UNDP-GEF www.undp.org/gef/adaptation E-mail: Adaptation@undp.org

4. Defining Adaptation – Doing Development Differently • “Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effect, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.” (IPCC 2001) • “Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change.” (UNFCCC website, 2006) • “A process by which strategies to moderate, cope with and take advantage of the consequences of climatic events are enhanced, developed, and implemented”(UNDP 2005)

5. GEF Adaptation Fund • Pilot or demonstration projects to integrate adaptation into national policy • Must meet global environmental objectives and have development benefits • Adaptation within climate change, biodiversity, international waters and land degradation projects • Operational since July 2004

6. Adaptation in LD • Within Land Degradation Cluster adaptation is seen achieved through mainstreaming practices to climate proof Sustainable Land Management • Building adaptive capacity to reduce communities, economies and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of climate change • In practice, this means • Changing existing policies and practices • Adopting new policies and practices so as to secure MDGs in the face of climate change and its associated impacts

7. UNDP-GEF Principles of Adaptation • Helping developing countries to adapt to climate change impacts is central to UNDP core mandate for promoting development and poverty reduction across the globe. • UNDP provides several services to help programme countries to access adaptation funds: • helping them to evaluate adaptation options, identify promising investment opportunities, and ensure timely and cost effective delivery of projects.

8. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Principles • Adaptation activities must further the achievement of the MDGs • Adaptation activities must be development focused • The starting point for developing national responses is strengthening adaptive capacity to reduce community and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of CC • Stakeholder involvement and public participation are key • UNDP’s policy and technical guidance should be leveraged • Leverage UNDP-GEF programming by building on NCs and NAPAs

9. GEF Adaptation Funds

10. Types of adaptation funds • The Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA) • Financed by the GEF Trust Fund: • ecosystem/focal area focused fund. • The goal - to ensure that climate change concerns are incorporated in the management o f ecosystems through GEF focal area projects.

11. Type of Adaptation Fund • The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) • Financed by additional voluntary contributions • channelled through GEF • A development -focused fund designed specifically for addressing short or long term adaptation measures to climate change in the poorest countries.

12. Types of Adaptation Funds • The Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF): • Financed by additional voluntary contributions channelled through GEF • a development -focused fund concerned primarily with long term activities, programmes and measures in the development sectors that are most affected by global climate change.

13. Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) • APF has been prepared by the UNDP/GEF Capacity Development and Adaptation Cluster as the Cornerstone of UNDP’s Strategy in Adaptation • APF will assist in the process of incorporating adaptation concerns into national strategies • Four-phased Approach

14. Four Phases of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Strategy 2012 Phase IV: Implementation 2010 Phase III: National Assessments 2008 Phase Ib: Methodological Improvement & Dissemination Phase II: Regional Assessments 2006 2004 Phase 1a: Methodological Development 2002 Activities

15. APF - Key Innovations • Links current with future climate variations • If future climate change brings both increased variability and directional shifts, understanding current climate-related extreme events and responses will provide basis for future responses (and surprises) • Uses the concept of adaptation or development baseline to build on current experience to cope with future climate • Emphasizes adaptive capacity…….. as the potential of a system to adjust characteristics or behaviour, to cope with climate change, including variability

16. APF Adaptation Approaches

17. Climate Risks to MDGs

18. Lessons - Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM) • Knowledge base for adaptation established • Adaptation projects reviewed • Gaps in knowledge and practice identified • Gaps in knowledge addressed • Good practice identified • Learning and knowledge shared • Regional approach taken

19. Phase II: Regional Pilot Projects • Scope: watershed management, disaster risk management, food security, health • Other Phase II Projects: • Central America, Mexico, and Cuba • Maghreb: Integrated Watershed Mgt water supply and aquifers • Central America, Mexico, and Cuba: APF • Climate change and Human Health (with WHO); • Adaptation Learning Mechanism • Community Based Adaptation (with SGP) • Asia and Andean region: Climate Change and Flood Risk Reduction (under dev’t)

20. NCs and NAPAs • National Communications(NCs) • Report on programmes to facilitate adaptation • Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment • Starting point for formulating projects – V&A priorities and climate change rationale • National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) • Respond to vulnerability of LDCs • Prioritize adaptation measures supportive of existing development plans • Identify urgent actions to adapt

21. Demonstration and Pilot Projects • Climate-resilient development (LDCF, SCCF) • Integrate climate risks into development sectors. • Short- and long-term adaptation to address current climate variability as well as long-term change • UNDP’s priority • Ecosystem resilience (SPA) • Integrate adaptation into the GEF focal areas • Where climate change risks are evaluated to be significant (e.g. Biodiversity, Land Degradation, International Waters)

22. Guiding Approach for Adapting Development IdentifyCurrent National Policy Baselines IntegrateFuture Climate Risks in Development PromoteAdapted National Policy Frameworks - “Outcomes”

23. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio Full- and medium-size projects in 43 countries

24. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio - 18 Medium & Full Size Projects beyond PDF stage: $43.4 million in GEF funding

25. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio

26. Thematic Distribution of UNDP-GEF Projects

27. Project Example - Coping with Drought and Climate Change • Countries: Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe • Fund: SPA, Land Degradation • Amount: $1.0M GEF per country + $1.0M Co-fin per country • Components: • Assist communities to cope with drought through pilot adaptation measures • Enhance use of EWS and improve communicationof climate information with agriculturalists • Promote drought preparedness and mitigation policies • Replicate successful approaches across the region

28. Coping with Drought and Climate Change • Baseline: • Rural communities use current coping strategies, which become inadequate as drought increases in frequency and intensity • Additional: • Strengthened drought mitigation skills of community development practitioners • Alternative livelihoods employed during droughts • Improved flow and use of early warning information for drought response • Drought mitigation mainstreamed in development plans

29. Coping with Drought and Climate Change • Adaptive capacities of local communities, local and national institutions and the regional networks will be strengthened through concrete activities. • Specific focus is on managing the risks associated with future climate change and its impact on land degradation while piloting specific adaptation measures

30. Namibia - CCA • Adapting to Climate Change through the Improvement of Traditional Crops and Livestock Farming • Fund: SPA, LD • Amount $1.0M GEF + Co-financing $1.0M Government • Components: • Climate change adaptation measures of rural communities in agricultural production piloted and tested • Improved information flows on climate change, including variability (such as drought) between providers and key users • Climate change issues integrated into planning processes, e.g. National Drought Policy Focus at community-level, equipping small-holder farmers with improved capacities to adapt to climatic change and increased levels of drought.

31. UNDP-GEF Adaptation Projects – key issues • The problem must be clearly due to climate change • Impacts must be due to climate change, Climate data must be best available • The timescale of climate analysis must be clear • Must differentiate between short and long term and match funds: long term - SCCF/SPA, short term – LDCF • Must link to National Priorities, Action Plans, Programmes • Proposal must be based on rigorous pipelining approach • Learning component (contribution to ALM) must be clear • Co-financing must be explained to satisfy fund requirements • Must clearly outline Goal, Objective, and Outcomes • Monitoring of outcomes must be explicit • Use of APF should be systematic in project design

32. Further Information Thank you! Contact: Bo Lim Climate Change Adaptation UNDP-GEF www.undp.org/gef/adaptation E-mail: Adaptation@undp.org