The Present Subjunctive (with Ojalá)

1. The Present Subjunctive (with Ojalá) P. 339 Avancemos 2

2. The Subjunctive • Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

3. The Subjunctive • Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

4. The Subjunctive • Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

5. The Subjunctive • We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

6. The Subjunctive • A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. • For example:

7. The Subjunctive • Recomendamos que Uds. hablen con un agente de viajes. • We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.

8. The Subjunctive • ¿Quiere Ud. que escribamos nuestros nombres en las maletas? • Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?

9. The Subjunctive • Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

10. 2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.” Subjunctive Verb Indicative Verb

11. The Subjunctive • The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

12. The Subjunctive • Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive: • Decir • Insistir en • Necesitar • Permitir • Preferir (e > ie) • Prohibir • Querer (e > ie) • Recomendar (e > ie) • Sugerir (e > ie) • Ojalá

13. The Subjunctive • We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

14. The Subjunctive • We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

15. The Subjunctive • For -ar verbs: • e, es, e, emos, éis, en • For -er/-ir verbs: • a, as, a, amos, áis, an

16. hable hables hable hablemos habléis hablen HABLAR

17. coma comas coma comamos comáis coman COMER

18. viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan VIVIR

19. The Subjunctive • The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

20. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

21. caerse decir hacer poner salir tener traer Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

22. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-o haga tener teng-o tenga

23. haga hagas haga hagamos hagáis hagan HACER

24. tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengáis tengan TENER

25. The Subjunctive • -gar, -car, -zar verbs: • -gar: g > gu • -car: c > qu • -zar: z > c

26. llegue llegues llegue lleguemos lleguéis lleguen LLEGAR (g > gu)

27. busque busques busque busquemos busquéis busquen BUSCAR (c > qu)

28. cruce cruces cruce crucemos crucéis crucen CRUZAR (z > c)

29. The Subjunctive (with Ojalá) • Fact: (indicative)Ganamos un premio hoy.We’re winning a prize today. • Hope: (subjunctive)¡Ojaláque ganemos un premio hoy!I hope that we win a prize today!

30. The Subjunctive • Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense also change in the subjunctive.

31. piense pienses piense pensemos penséis piensen PENSAR (e > ie)

32. pueda puedas pueda podamos podáis puedan PODER (o > ue)