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World Englishes Jennifer Jenkins

World Englishes Jennifer Jenkins. A resource book for students. Strand 8: The future of Englishes in the world. Language distribution vs. language spread ( Widdowson 1997) Difficulties inherent in the English language: Orthographic Phonological Grammatical

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World Englishes Jennifer Jenkins

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  1. World EnglishesJennifer Jenkins A resource book for students

  2. Strand 8: The future of Englishes in the world • Language distribution vs. language spread (Widdowson 1997) • Difficulties inherent in the English language: • Orthographic • Phonological • Grammatical • Spanish as the principal world language: • Increasing influence in the EU and America • Simpler pronunciation, spelling and verb system A8

  3. English language Complex (ELC) Mesthrie and Bhatt (2008) • Metropolitan standards • Colonial standards • Regional and social dialects • Pidgin Englishes and Creole Englishes • English as a second language (ESL) • English as a foreign language (EFL) • Immigrant Englishes • Language-shift Englishes • Jargon Englishes • Hybrid Englishes B8

  4. Convergence or divergence? • Crystal (1997, 2002): • Increased diversification, but • World Standard Spoken English (WSSE) • Trudgill (1998): • Increasing convergence in lexis (American influence) • Unclear situation in grammar • Diversification in phonology • Mainly refers to Inner Circle Englishes B8

  5. English as killer language • Global spread of English as a cause for language death • Some positions/beliefs associated with why languages become endangered: • Primitive technology equals primitive linguistic means • Linguistic survival of the fittest (social Darwinism) • Immigrants are encouraged to abandon their language • Linguistic capital – promise of economic advantages make a language worthy of acquisition • Western school curricula in developing countries  devaluation of traditional knowledge and culture C8

  6. English-knowing bilingualism • Important role in prevention of language death • The de facto norm apart from monolingual Inner Circle English speakers • Would be crucial for predominantly monolingual ENL societies to embrace this concept • Becoming multilinguals • Development of intercultural competence • Acceptance of immigrant minorities • Reversing the traditional hierarchy of Englishes C8

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