Classification of Living Things

1. Classification of Living Things

2. Entrance question • List at least five thing humans classify.

3. What if no one knew who or what you were?What if you did not have a name?

4. What are some ways you are classified? • Gender • Age • Social security number • Income • State/ are of residence • Profession

5. Let’s watch brain pop. • http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/classification/

6. Connection to the past • In early ancient Greece, Aristotle started the thinking of classifying organisms based on characteristics. • It was once thought that there were only two kingdoms: Plants and animals.

7. Next - CarolusLinnaeus • A Swedish scientist that founded the science of taxonomy.

8. Taxonomy • Is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

9. Linnaeus • His two prime contributions were: • Establish conventions for the naming of living organisms using binomial nomenclature (the genus name followed by the species name) • Developing an hierarchical system for classification of organisms. Linnaeus' conventions would become universally accepted in the scientific world.

10. Why do scientists classify living things?

11. To make it easier to organize, find, and share information and eliminate confusion.

12. Classification • The division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on their characteristics.

13. Classifying • The more levels shared, the more organisms have in common. • As you move down, there are fewer kinds of organisms in each group, but organism look similar and have more in common with one another.

14. Scientific name • Scientists around the world use the binomial nomenclature to identify all living organisms.

15. Scientific name • The system that assigns the Latin words genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase)

16. Con’t • The first part of an organism’s scientific name is Genus and the second part is Species. • Together these two names identify one kinds of organism. House Cat genus: Felis Species: domesticus

17. Human Homo sapien African Elephant Loxdonta africana Mountain lion Felis concolor

18. Kingdom classification

19. http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/sixkingdoms/

20. For a long time, all life on Earth was divided into five kingdoms. Now many scientists say there are six kingdoms. They have divided the first kingdom into two separate groups.

21. Levels of Classification( know this in order) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

22. Make a sentence to help you remember the groups in order. K-king P-Phillip C-came O-over F-for G-great S-spaghetti

23. Kingdom • Largest group or level of classification • Organized according to certain traits

24. Archaebacteria( ancient ) • Unicellular • Has no nucleus (prokaryotic) • Usually makes its own food/autotroph • They do not have cell walls • The term archae means ancient • Some are motile and move from place to place • Lives in extreme environments (hot, cold, salty and acidic)

25. Autotroph • able to manufacture nutrients from inorganic materials.

26. Types of archeabacteria • Methanogens- Produce methane and die if exposed to oxygen. • Halophiles- live in very salty lakes and ponds. • Thermophiles- live in extreme heat or cold.

27. Halophiles/thermophiles A boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. The orange-red coloration is caused by dense colonies of photosynthetic cyanobacteria

28. Eubacteria (true) • Unicellular • Has no nucleus/prokaryotic • Heterotrophic or autotrophic • Live in neutral conditions • Some are motile • Contains all prokaryotic cells except archaebacteria • Known as decomposers • They may be helpful or harmful

29. Heterotroph • getting nutrients by digesting plant or animal matter

30. E. coli

31. Exit question • How do scientists classify organisms?

32. Entrance question • What do scientist use to name organisms?

33. Protista Kingdom • Mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms • Makes or obtains own food • Classified by the way they obtain energy • Some move from place to place

34. Protists The three groups of protists are: • Fungus –like • Plant-like • Animal-like

36. Protozoa

37. Cilia • microscopic hairlike process extending from the surface of a cell or unicellular organism.

38. Paramecium/uses cilia for movement

39. Contractile vacuole • membrane-bound organelle found in certain protists that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior.

40. Flagella • A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whip-like extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion.

41. Euglena/uses flagella for movement

42. Pseudopods • A temporary foot-like extension of a one-celled organism used for moving about and for surrounding and taking in food.

43. Amoeba/uses pseudopods for movement

44. Algae

45. Fungi • They are eukaryotic heterotrophs that can act as decomposers. • The kingdom includes mushrooms, mold, and yeasts. • All fungi except yeast are multicellular.

46. Fungus Kingdom • Has one or many cells • Has a nucleus/eukaryotic • Absorbs food/heterotroph • Cannot move from place to place (sessile) • Do not have chloroplasts or cell walls • Reproduce by spores

47. Spore: asexual reproductive structure • :a small, usually one-celled reproductive structure produced by seedless plants, algae, fungi, and some protozoans that is capable of developing into a new organism.

48. Spores

49. Examples of fungi are mushrooms, molds and yeast.

50. It is used in Hindu rituals this mushroom could cause hallucinations. Liberty cap grown in the UK