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Chordates (Chordata)

Chordates (Chordata). Our phylum. Chordates have a backbone. 1. Dorsal hallow nerve cord 2. _________________: strong rod that separates digestive and nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits: ______________________________________________ 4. Post anal tail (behind the anus)

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Chordates (Chordata)

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  1. Chordates (Chordata) Our phylum

  2. Chordates have a backbone 1. Dorsal hallow nerve cord 2. _________________: strong rod that separates digestive and nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits: ______________________________________________ 4. Post anal tail (behind the anus) • Invertebrate chordates: (no backbone but do have major hallmarks of chordates!) • _______________ (only have these structures in their larval stages) • ___________________: (another invertebrate chordate, have segmented muscle structure)

  3. Fish to JAWS (literally) • Fish started without jaws • Agnathans/Lampreysare a group of vertebrates that ________ ___________________________. Mud suckers and suspension feeders • The Jaw allowed for a variety of prey • Chondrichthyes:_______________ _____________ (sharks, rays and skates) • Use a ____________________ to detect changes in water pressure and nearby swimming creatures (predators or prey)

  4. More on fish evolution • Another kind of fish with a jaw is the ______________ (boney fish) • Have an operculum which allows for gas exchange even when they aren’t moving • Contain a ________________ which keeps them buoyant (lung like structures that fill with air but don’t exchange gases)

  5. Amphibians lead a double life • Dependent on water for their eggs to develop • Larva swim in water • _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • After metamorphosis the adolescent crawls onto land • Largest population during the Carboniferous period before reptiles or mammals ** Currently undergoing a rapid decline due to acid rain (high amount so carbon dioxide in the air)

  6. Reptiles • Amniotic egg: like the seed, __________________________________________________________________ • Scales that protect their bodies from water loss • _____________________: don’t use metabolism to regulate body temp. (cold blooded) • Some dinosaurs may have been endothermic (using metabolism for body temp.) • Include • Lizards • Snakes (lost legs secondarily) • Turtles • Crocodiles • Alligators

  7. How a reptile became a bird • Derived from a group of small 2 legged dinosaurs • _________________________________________________________________(Archaeopteryx) • Archaeopteryx is not an ancestor but it give us info about what they would be like • Scales on feet, vertebral tail, scales on claws, feathers on arms, webbed fingers • Many birds died with the dinosaurs, those that survived went on to be modern birds

  8. More on Birds • Every aspect of birds has been evolved for flight… they “trimmed the fat” • Hallow feathers • ___________________ • No teeth • ___________________ • Different styles of wings are excellent at different things, some are for soaring, some for quick maneuverability, Some to be able to stay still. • Some rare birds of course don’t fly (like the ostrich!) • Endothermic!!! • 4 chambered heart (___________________________)

  9. Mammals come from reptiles too! • Mammals diverged from reptiles long before even dinosaurs evolved! • Independent 4 chambered heart • Lived a meager existence until the fall of the dinosaurs opened up the availability for them to survive. • ________________________________________________________________________________ • ______________________… have a placenta which bridges the gap between mother and child • Marsupials are a kind of mammal that has a very short gestation then carries the young nursing them after they are born until they are able to live on their own.

  10. Phylogeny of animals summary

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