The Cold War Continued

1. The Cold War Continued

2. Changes in the Soviet Union • In March of 1953, Joseph Stalin died. • He was responsible for the deaths of many of his own people as he sent used terror tactics and sent them to the gulag (labor camps). • Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union. • Khrushchev freed political prisoners under Stalin’s regime and the Soviet Union continued as a communist dictatorship.

3. Communism & China • Mao Zedong & a handful of other communist organized the poor in China • Started a revolution • Enemies worked together during WWII to keep out Japanese invaders • “Loss Of China” as a stain on Truman’s record • US kept Jiang in power but was • forced to rule over the island • of Taiwan. • Americans began to suspect the • Loyalties of those making military • & foreign policies

4. 1949 tension grew & the US became worried The USSR had successfully tested an atomic bomb Then communist forces took over China Americans no longer felt safe What if the cities like LA or NY could turn into the next Nagasaki or Hiroshima Communism Spreads

5. The Beginning of the Arms Race • From that point on now there would be a competition between who could build the better bomb. • America had to maintain its nuclear superiority. • 1st successful thermo nuclear test occurred in 1952. • By the 1950s, America had developed Intercontinental ballistic missiles. (ICBMS). • In October 1957, Sputnik, the first artificial satellite is launched by the Soviet Union. • In January 1958, the U.S. launches a satellite.

6. Changes in the US • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is created in July of 1958. • Americans questioned their educational system and people wondered in a decline in schools had enabled the Soviet Union to surpass the U.S. in technological achievement. • The National Defense Education Act was passed to provide millions of dollars for education. • The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) helped educated an prepare the public for nuclear emergencies.

7. Once controlled by Japan, after WWII it was divided into two independent countries Dividing line set at the 38th parallel of latitude N. Korea: Soviet Influence S. Korea: US influence But not as official Americans occupied S. Korea until June 1949 At the same time as the fall of China N. Korea builds up its military June 1950 N. Korea invades South w/90, 000 troops Within days the capital was taken over by Communist N. Korea Korea & the Cold War

8. US Forces Defend South Korea • Truman announces that the US will help defend S.Korea • The UN is the first to respond & the Soviet Union (not present to veto security council vote) • Truman ordered American troops to S.Korea • Fighting a war in unfamiliar terrain • Bad weather • Lack of equipment United Nations forces fighting to recapture Seoul, from communist invaders September 1950.

9. The Plan & Facing Reality • Troops sent in for rescue but end up retreating all the way into the S. peninsula of Korea • General Douglas MacArthur plans a counter attack that is successful & pushes the N. Korean forces north of the 38th parallel • What happens next? • China warns US Off • Truman is concerned • MacArthur does not listen & pushes for a Unified, Independent, Democratic Korea through the UN

10. Imperialism Chart • Write the heading (you do not need to copy this slide, these are just directions!) • Copy the following chart into your notebook. Place an X in 1 of the 4 columns & write a reason/evidence that supports your answer. • Note: for WWI & WWII (there will be 2 answers)