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A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges

Explore recommendations for colleges & universities to address excessive drinking, including enforcement of age laws, alcohol price adjustments, responsible service policies, and community coalitions. Learn how to create a positive impact on campus culture.

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A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges

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  1. A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges Recommendations for Colleges and Universities

  2. "I'm in my prime drinking years, and I intend to take full advantage of it!" - College student, after a few drinks at a wedding

  3. Mean Score for 5+ Drinks in a Row in Past 2 Weeks by 4-year College Student Status Twice Once College Non-College None Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 3 Wave 4 (18) (19-20) (21-22) (23-24) Measurement Wave (Modal age)

  4. Excessive Drinking During College as a “Developmental Disturbance” Developmental disturbance features: • Time-limited deviance • Unpredictable in advance based on individual risk factors • Not predictive of future functioning (if you are lucky)

  5. The 3-in-1 Framework • Individuals, Including At-Risk or Alcohol-Dependent Drinkers • Student Body as a Whole • College and the Surrounding Community

  6. Human Ecology Approach • Individual embedded in social context • To change behavior, best bet is to intervene at both individual and context level • Demand and supply

  7. Tier 2 Evidence of Success With General Populations That Could Be Applied to College Environments

  8. Recommendations – Tier 2 (1) Increased enforcement of minimum drinking age laws

  9. Mean 30-Day Alcohol Use Years Before and After MDA was Raised Source: O’Malley & Wagenaar (1991) Alcohol Use (30-day mean) Before and After Minimum Drinking Age (MDA) was Raised--United States 13% Decline

  10. Minimum age to 21 reduces youthful single vehicle nighttime crashes (-20%) (O’Malley and Wagenaar, 1991)

  11. Recommendations – Tier 2 (2) Implementation, increased publicity, and enforcement of other laws to reduce alcohol- impaired driving

  12. Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving • Lower legal blood alcohol limits reduces alcohol-related crashes (e.g., Hingson et al., 1996, 2000) • Make it illegal for those under 21 to drive after any drinking • Administrative license revocation

  13. Recommendations – Tier 2 (3) Restrictions on alcohol retail outlet density

  14. Local Outlet Density • Higher levels of drinking and “binge” drinking with higher number of alcohol outlets within one mile of campus(Chaloupka & Wechsler, 1996) • Even simple mapping may suggest interventions

  15. Recommendations – Tier 2 (4) Increased price and excise taxes on alcoholic beverages

  16. Pricing • Many studies show association of price with consumption and harmful outcomes, especially for young heavy drinkers (Toomey & Wagenaar, 2002) • For example: • Restrictions on happy hours or price promotions • Excise taxes on alcohol

  17. Recommendations – Tier 2 (5) Responsible beverage service policies in social and commercial settings

  18. Server Training and Responsible Policies (Saltz, Holder, et al.) • Limiting sales of pitches • Alcohol-free drinks and food • No more last call • ID Checks

  19. Alcohol-Involved Traffic Crashes Before and After Mandatory Server Training Policy in Oregon, USA

  20. Recommendations – Tier 2 (6) The formation of a campus and community coalition may be critical to implement these strategies effectively

  21. Community Interventions • PRC Community Trials Project (Holder, Saltz et al.) • Communities Mobilizing for Change (Wagenaar et al) • Massachusetts Saving Lives Program (Hingson et al.)

  22. Concluding Thoughts • Try to keep major players moving in the same direction • Keep trying (even when you succeed) • Involve local researchers for design and evaluation

  23. (Extra slides from Bob Saltz follow)

  24. Cumulative Underage Access Activities

  25. PRETEST 1995 POSTTEST 1996 Comparison ExperimentalNo Training ExperimentalTraining Comparison ExperimentalNo Training ExperimentalTraining Underage AccessUnderage Purchase Survey-All Communities- 53 47 45 35 19 16

  26. Probability of Impairment and IntoxicationFollowing Alcohol Beverage Server TrainingSanta Cruz, CA 50 40 T T Impairment 30 C C PredictedProbability 20 T T Intoxication 10 C C 0 Pretest Posttest T = Server Training Site, C = Comparison Site Saltz and Hennessy, 1990

  27. 4 Ongoing Advocacy Efforts Organizational Development andPlanning Training,Planningand 1stMediaEvents AdditionalTraining 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 M J A A M J F M A J J A S O N D J F M A M J S O N D J F M M J J A S O N D J F M A J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1993 1992 1994 1995 1996 Comparison Sites Experimental Sites Newspaper Score - Local Stories

  28. Examples of Tier 2 Interventions Northwest Region

  29. Willamette University • Community Task Force • Greater Enforcement – Underage • Training in Controlled Dispersal

  30. University of Portland • Community Substance Abuse Prevention Team • End of Finals Night • Business Training in Marketing & Pricing • Integrated Evaluation Data

  31. Washington State University • Comprehensive Community Program • Greater Enforcement – Proactive • Coupled with extensive Normative Education

  32. END Thank you!

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