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The Civil War: Battles, Strategies, and Turning Points

Explore the key battles, strategies, and turning points of the Civil War, including the Emancipation Proclamation and the Battle of Gettysburg. Learn about the East and West theaters of operation and the impact on both sides.

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The Civil War: Battles, Strategies, and Turning Points

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  1. TheCivil War(1861-1865)

  2. The “Anaconda” Plan

  3. Two Theaters of Operation The East • Goal – Take Richmond • Armies – Army of N. Virginia (S) Army of the Potomac (N) The West • Goal – Control the Mississippi River

  4. First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) • July 21, 1861 • Manassas, VA • Union plan: attack, win, march to Richmond • Results • Confederates victorious • North now takes war seriously and mobilizes all society to fight

  5. 1861 and 1862War in the East • North Suffers a number of losses • First Bull Run • The Peninsula Campaign • The Battles of the Seven Days (Lee Takes Command) • Second Bull Run McDowell McClellan Pope

  6. Seven Days Battles • June 25 – July 1, 1862 • Lee takes command • Six Major battles (10 total) • Confed. General Lee vs. Union General McClellan- CAUTIOUS • Confederates pushed McClellan’s army back down the peninsula

  7. The Tide Begins to TurnBattle of Antietam • Fall 1862 • Lee’s Plan – Win a major battle on Northern soil – convince Europeans to join fight • Still a very real possibility • Lee vs. McClellan • Lee able to withdraw, when McClellan failed to follow • Tactical Draw; Stopped advance towards D.C. • But Considered a Win by the North • IMPACT OF BATTLE IS HUGE

  8. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day In America’s History” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties Convinces Lincoln to up the ante

  9. Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1st, 1863 • Called for the freeing of all slaves in states in rebellion against the Union • Justification – They are being used to prolong the war – deny Southerners a weapon of war • Could keep slaves if come back to Union by 1/1/1863 • Not enforced in the border states • Removed chances of negotiation between north and south • Made the Civil War a moral war – Almost guarantees Europeans will not enter the war

  10. TheEmancipationProclamation

  11. The Southern View of Emancipation

  12. Black Troops Freeing Slaves

  13. Changing of Generals • McClellan replaced with General Burnside after Antietam • Battle of Fredericksburg, VA (12/13/1862) • Union defeated • Gen. Burnside replaced with General Hooker • Battle of Chancellorsville, VA (May 1863) • Union defeated • “Stonewall” Jackson mortally wounded • General Hooker replaced by General Meade

  14. 1863 The Turning Point

  15. Battle of Gettysburg • By 1863 Lee realized that the war is draining Southern resources and manpower. Must end the war quickly. • Goal: Win victory on Northern Soil or threaten major Northern cities and force North to seek a truce

  16. Battle of Gettysburg • Most Casualties of any battle (50,000) • Hurts South more – running out of men • Major turning point of the war • Union victory • After Battle Lee can only fight a defensive war to delay the inevitable. • Slowly losing resources to continue the fight no chance of foreign aid

  17. Gettysburg Casualties

  18. War in the West War in the west was not covered as much as war in the east but was very successful for the North

  19. The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg

  20. Ulysses S. Grant • Started as Union volunteer • Captured Ft. Henry and Ft. Donelson in Feb 1862 • Battle of Shiloh April 1862 • Union Victory • Given command at Vicksburg • Union victory July 4th, 1863 • Control of Mississippi River for rest of war • Lincoln finds the man to defeat Lee. Became Lieutenant General of U.S. Army. • Understand modern war

  21. William Tecumseh Sherman • Captured and burned Atlanta in September 1864 • Captured Savannah December 1864 • Captured and burned Columbia February 1865 • Purpose to destroy supplies and lower morale • Also understands modern war – makes war on resources – Total War

  22. 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

  23. Politics of War • Democratic Split • War Democrats: Pro-Lincoln • Peace Democrats: – Anti-Lincoln • Copperheads • Radical peace democrats • Vallandigham – Banished to South

  24. 1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster

  25. Presidential Election Results:1864

  26. 1864 – 65 - War of Attrition Grant vs Lee

  27. The Final Virginia Campaign:1864-1865

  28. Surrender at AppomattoxApril 9, 1865

  29. Casualties on Both Sides

  30. Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other Wars

  31. Lincoln Assassinated • April 14th, 1865 • Ford’s Theater (DC) • John Wilkes Booth • Andrew Johnson takes over as president • The worst Thing that could have happened to the South

  32. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

  33. The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

  34. The Assassination

  35. WANTED~~!!

  36. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

  37. The Execution

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