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This chapter explores the role of the media in reporting terrorist violence, the perspectives of both the media and governments, and the impact of new media technologies. It also discusses the manipulation of news, the information battleground, and the regulation of media.
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Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges, Perspectives, and Issues
Chapter 11 The Information Battleground Terrorist Violence and the Role of the Media
Perspectives: The Media and Government • The Perspective of the Media • Media spin. • News triage. • The Perspective of Governments • Media as a source of concern. • Reporting of terrorism as a source of concern. • Some animosity.
Exploring the Role of the Media • Publicizing the Cause • Media-oriented terrorism. • Broad exposure via mass communications. • Mass Communications and the Terrorists’ Message • Print media. • Radio. • Television. • The Internet.
Exploring the Role of the Media(continued) • The “New Media” • New technologies and alternative broadcasting formats. • Examples: • Political talk radio. • Television news magazines. • Electronic town meetings. • Tabloid reporting.
Exploring the Role of the Media(continued) • Reporting Terrorism • Market competition as a factor. • Decisions: • Which incidents to report. • How to report incidents. • Terrorist-initiated labeling. • Labeling enemies and targets. • Scapegoating.
War for the Information High Ground • Using the Media • Manipulation of the news “scoop.” • Points of criticism. • Journalists disseminating terrorist propaganda. • Shift from objectivity to sensational opinion. • Realignments within the political environment. • Counterpointing criticism.
War for the Information High Ground • The Media as a Weapon • “Information is power.” • Case: Hijacking of TWA Flight 847. • The contagion effect. • The Risk of Backlash • Terrorists can diminish their influence via unpopular acts. • Terrorists can strengthen the resolve of adversaries.
Regulating the Media • The Free Press • Media gatekeeping. • Journalistic self-regulation. • Case: British Official Secrets Act. • The State-Regulated Press • Routine intervention in reporting by the state. • Media is used to benefit the state. • Case: Cults of personality.