1 / 21

Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Part I. Terrorism A Conceptual Review. Chapter 1. Terrorism First Impressions. First Considerations. Overview of Extremism and Terrorism Terrorism at First Glance Sources of Extremism and Terrorism.

ggooch
Download Presentation

Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges, Perspectives, and Issues

  2. Part I Terrorism A Conceptual Review

  3. Chapter 1 Terrorism First Impressions

  4. First Considerations • Overview of Extremism and Terrorism • Terrorism at First Glance • Sources of Extremism and Terrorism

  5. First Considerations(continued) • Overview of Extremism and Terrorism • Extremism: A quality that is “radical in opinion, especially in political matters; ultra; advanced.” • Terrorism: Politically motivated violence usually directed against soft targets with an intention to affect (terrorize) a target audience.

  6. First Considerations(continued) • Terrorism at First Glance • Perpetrators always claim to champion noble causes and values. • Advocates always cite righteous goals to justify their behavior. • Perpetrators uniformly maintain that they are freedom fighters or champions of law and social order.

  7. First Considerations(continued) • Sources of Extremism and Terrorism • Terrorist acts are grounded in extremist beliefs arising from group identity, intergroup conflict, and a chosen strategy. • A subject of extensive discussion, debate, and research. • Involves many disciplines: Sociology, psychology, criminology, political science.

  8. Understanding Political Violence • Political Violence: Mala Prohibita or Mala in Se? • The Just War Doctrine

  9. Understanding Political Violence(continued) • Political Violence: Mala Prohibita or Mala in Se? • Mala Prohibita: Acts that are “crimes that are made illegal by legislation.” • Not inherently immoral, wicked, or evil. • Cases: Gambling, prostitution, and so forth. • Mala in Se: Acts “that are immoral or wrong in themselves.” • Cannot be justified in civilized society and have no acceptable qualities. • Cases: Murder, rape, and so forth.

  10. Understanding Political Violence(continued) • The Just War Doctrine • An ideal and moralistic philosophy. • Jus in Bello: Correct behavior while waging war. • Jus ad Bellum: Correct conditions for waging war in the first place. • Often used conceptually by extremists to justify violence.

  11. Recent Attacks in the United StatesSymbolism and Aftermath • The Significance of Symbolism • The Oklahoma City Bombing • September 11, 2001 • Reorganization of Homeland Security and Intelligence

  12. Recent Attacks in the United StatesSymbolism and Aftermath(continued) • The Significance of Symbolism • A central feature of terrorism. • Central to terrorists’ public relations and propaganda campaigns. • Targets symbolize the righteousness of the terrorists’ cause and the evil of their opponent. • Cases: Oklahoma City Bombing. 9/11.

  13. Recent Attacks in the United StatesSymbolism and Aftermath(continued) • The Oklahoma City Bombing • An “act of war” by Timothy McVeigh. • A devotee of the extremist Patriot movement. • A believer in New World Order conspiracies. • Symbolism of April 19, 1995. • 220th anniversary of the American Revolution battles of Lexington and Concord. • Second anniversary of the assault on the Branch Davidian cult’s compound in Waco, Texas.

  14. Recent Attacks in the United StatesSymbolism and Aftermath(continued) • September 11, 2001 • World Trade Center and Pentagon symbolized American and Western power. • Carried out by 19 Al Qaeda terrorists on a suicidal “martyrdom mission.” • Done in response to perceived domination and exploitation of Muslim countries.

  15. Recent Attacks in the United StatesSymbolism and Aftermath(continued) • Reorganization of Homeland Security and Intelligence in the United States • An attempt to unify the U.S. domestic security community. • A perceived failure to “connect the dots” to the 9/11 attacks. • Massive reorganization of law enforcement and services agencies into a single Department of Homeland Security.

  16. Organizational Chart of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security

  17. Terrorism and Criminal SkillThree Cases in Point • Richard Baumhammers • Low degree of criminal sophistication. • Neo-Nazi. • April 2000 “lone wolf” killing spree near Pittsburgh. • Theodore “Ted” Kaczynski • Medium degree of criminal sophistication. • Anarchist “war” against technology. • 18-year bombing spree, labeled by FBI as Unabom.

  18. Terrorism and Criminal SkillThree Cases in Point(continued) • RamziYousef • High degree of criminal sophistication. • Islamist jihadi. • February 26, 1993 bombing of World Trade Center.

  19. The Past as PrologueHistorical Perspectives on Terrorism • Antiquity • Tyrannicide. • Mass exile. • Suppression of “dangerous” ideas. • The Roman Age • Crucifixion. • Extermination and slavery. • Regicide.

  20. The Past as PrologueHistorical Perspectives on Terrorism(continued) • The Ancient and Medieval Middle East • Zealots and sicarii. • Assassins. • The French Revolution • Coined the word terrorism. • Reign of Terror. • Revolutionary Tribunal and mass executions.

  21. The Past as PrologueHistorical Perspectives on Terrorism(continued) • Nineteenth Century Europe • 19th Century revolutionary ideologies: Anarchism and Marxism. • Luddites. • People’s Will (NarodnayaVolya). • The Modern Era • The “New Terrorism.” • Cell-based, WMDs, politically vague or religious. asymmetrical, use of modern technologies.

More Related