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Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Chapter 8. Terrorist Spillovers International Terrorism. Defining International Terrorism. The Spillover Effect The struggle “spills over” into the international domain.
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Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges, Perspectives, and Issues
Chapter 8 Terrorist Spillovers International Terrorism
Defining International Terrorism • The Spillover Effect • The struggle “spills over” into the international domain. • Domestic attacks against victims with an international profile. • Operations in a foreign country. • Unambiguous International Implications • International consequences must be clear. • Case: Attacks on embassies. • Case: Airline hijackings.
Defining International Terrorism(continued) • Terrorist Environments and International Terrorism • International state terrorism. • International dissident terrorism. • International religious terrorism. • International left-wing terrorism. • International right-wing terrorism. • International criminal terrorism.
Reasons for International Terrorism • Modern “isms” and International Revolutionary Solidarity • Cold War motivations for international resistance. • Imperialism. • Neocolonialism. • Zionism.
Reasons for International Terrorism(continued) • Perceived Efficiency • Potential for maximum publicity. • Potential for inflicting maximum psychological anxiety. • Pragmatism. • Adaptations of Revolutionary Theory • Fish swimming in the sea of the people. • Enraging the beast. • Liberating violence.
Reasons for International Terrorism(continued) • Historical Reasons • West was often a target during wars of national liberation. • Anticolonial rebels became national leaders. • Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice. • Fusion of ideology and warfare.
International Terrorist Networks • Cold War Terrorist-Networking Theory • Western theory that Soviet proxies were the source of international terrorism. • Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario. • International Terrorist Environments • Monolithic. • Strong multipolar. • Weak multipolar. • Cell-based.
International Dimension of the New Terrorism • A “Stateless Revolution” by Religious Radicals • The Afghan Arabs at War • Mujahideen in Bosnia • Al Qaeda and International Terrorism • The Madrid Train Bombings • The London Transportation System Attacks • Terrorist Violence in Iraq