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Restoration (1814/5-1830) July Monarchy (1830-1848) Second Republic (1848-1852)

Restoration (1814/5-1830) July Monarchy (1830-1848) Second Republic (1848-1852). Restoration (1814/5-1830). Louis XVIII (Bourbon line of royal family) Tried to restore many of the elements of the ancien régime . Kept a number of reforms from Napoleon: Departments New courts Tax system

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Restoration (1814/5-1830) July Monarchy (1830-1848) Second Republic (1848-1852)

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  1. Restoration (1814/5-1830)July Monarchy(1830-1848)Second Republic(1848-1852)

  2. Restoration (1814/5-1830) • Louis XVIII (Bourbon line of royal family) • Tried to restore many of the elements of the ancien régime. • Kept a number of reforms from Napoleon: • Departments • New courts • Tax system • Bank of France (centralized state bank) • Napoleonic Code • Charles X – conservative; went further than Louis XVII

  3. July Revolution (1830) • Three-day revolution in July 1830. All classes against the monarchy. • Change in royal families: Bourbon line (légitimiste) to the Orléans line • Constitutional monarchy • Louis-Philippe the “bourgeois king” – the bourgeois or July monarchy lasting until 1848 • Embraced bourgeois ideals – emphasis on the role of money. • Honoré de Balzac La Comédie humaine in part a critique of the era. • Karl Marx – Das Kapital appreciated Balzac’s analysis of society

  4. Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix (1830)

  5. 1832

  6. Transformations • Increased percentage of people eligible to vote: based on taxation. • Reduced birth rate • Industrial “revolution” – slow and steady • Bad working and living conditions • Cholera epidemics in 1832 and 1853-4 • Rise of socialism and anarchism to defend workers’ rights and create protections for workers.

  7. Second Republic (1848-1952) • February 1848 revolution: all classes against the monarchy. • Universal male suffrage • Elected Louis Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon) • June 1848 – second uprising. Split in social classes • Coup d’état 1851 – President for life • 1852 becomes Emperor Napoleon III • Government: Second Empire 1852-1870

  8. barricades

  9. Some points to retain • Political instability • Repeated popular uprisings often resulting in overthrow of the government • Poor living conditions

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