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Modern SE Asia

Explore the effects of British colonial rule in India and the rise of revolutionary movements led by figures like Gandhi in India and Mao Zedong in China. Understand the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during these periods.

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Modern SE Asia

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  1. Modern SE Asia India, China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Vietnam

  2. Warm Up • How would America change if another country, with a completely different set of beliefs and values, came to our lands and took over our economy and government?

  3. Modern India

  4. 1. India as a British colony • Before Britain came: India ruled by Hindu or Muslim emperors • 18th century: Britain wanted a source for natural goods, new consumers, and cheap labor • Britain’s East India Company originally controlled India • Controlled India’s government and economy

  5. Pros: Modern goods Modern transportation Education increases Health care increases Military protection Cons: Britain made all economic/government decisions Indians had no voice Indian’s treated as “half” citizens 2. Pros/Cons of British Rule

  6. Informational Reading • Read text on the beginnings of British imperialism in India. • Create a thesis statement (directions on reading) • In one paragraph, answer question # 2 • Be prepared to share your responses!

  7. 3. Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement • 1920s-1930s: Indians had enough of British rule • Wanted to run their own government and benefit from their work • Led to a fight for independence: nationalist movement (extreme pride in your nation) • Didn’t want to be exploited by British anymore

  8. 4. Movement’s Leader: Gandhi • Young Indian lawyer: Mohandas Gandhi • Decided that the only way to drive out the British was to employ non-violent tactics: • CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: • Marches • Protests • Boycotts • Overcrowd jails

  9. Gandhi’s Thoughts… • “Strength does not come from physical capacity…it comes from an indomitable will” • “Failure comes only when we forget our ideals, objectives, and principles” • “You must be the change you wish to see in the world…”

  10. Reading Assignment • Read “Bringing Down an Empire: Gandhi and Civil Disobedience” (constitutional rights foundation) • Respond to the 4 Discussion and Writing questions at the end of the article…use TEXTUAL EVIDENCE • After completing the writing questions, read through each of the situations on the back. Decide where you think civil disobedience is appropriate…be prepared to share your thoughts

  11. Reading Assignment • Read “The British Empire” and respond to focus questions • On the back, respond to the following question in at least one paragraph: • Why do you think Gandhi consistently insisted on using non-violent tactics to defeat the British, who usually resorted to violence? What message did he send to other Indians and the rest of the world by insisting on civil disobedience?

  12. Gandhi: Pilgrim of Peace • After viewing the documentary, you should be able to: • Describe Gandhi’s early life and influences • His philosophy on creating change • The message he wanted portrayed to Indians and the global community • His legacy in India and his influence on other movements

  13. End of the Emperor • Violent civil war- 1958 • Communists/Mao Zedong vs. Capitalists • Communism- movement to create a classless, moneyless, society • Government owns production • Controls everything

  14. Winner • Communists- Mao Zedong is head of state • Formed the People’s Republic of China • Controlled economy • All farms: large, state-run farms • All businesses: factories

  15. Great Leap Forward • Plan: 1958-1961 • Turn China into industrial state • Force everyone to take part (communes) • Compete with West • Produce steel, manufactured goods • Women working

  16. Disaster • Huge economic mess • Famine- no response • Human rights violations: • Forced labor • Persecution- intimidation • Long imprisonments • Mass killings

  17. Consequences • Mao Zedong loses power (will return) • Economic crisis • Relocation- 30-40% homes destroyed • Death toll • Est. 18-45 million dead • “30% nature, 70% human error”

  18. Group Activity • In groups of 2, create a propaganda poster that Mao Zedong might have produced to promote the Great Leap Forward • Propaganda: biased or misleading information used to promote a political cause or point of view

  19. Cultural Revolution- 1960s • Mao angry at those who took power • Ousted the commander of the PLA- now loyal to Mao • Purged the government officials- ‘bourgeois’ • Schools suspended- students encouraged rebel

  20. Cleansing • Anyone other than strict communists accused • Students, workers organized into ‘Red Guards’ • From criticism to horrible violence • Street brawls • Murder • Riots • Looting • Mass killings

  21. Targets • Teachers • School officials • Politicians with history of non-communist ideas • Religion • Critics • Detention camps • Prison • Public Humiliation • Death

  22. Personality Cult • Mass hysteria • Mao worshipped (students) • Demonstrations • No questions, no mercy

  23. Mao Zedong’s death • Legacy: • Reestablished education • Credited with ‘modern China’ • Turned China into superpower • Millions dead • One-party state • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGpmVs0_Dbc

  24. Writing Activity! • Take on the role of either a Communist Party leader, a common farmer, a PLA or Red Guard soldier, a teacher, or a young child growing up during the Cultural Revolution Choose One: • Write a journal entry that describes what you live through and what’s going on around you (1-2 pages: at least 5-6 paragraphs) • Create a speech either in defense or against the Cultural Revolution, from the perspective of your chosen character (1-2 pages: at least 5-6 paragraphs)

  25. After the Revolution • Industry: terrible toll on environment • Cars a problem • Pollution • No control over environmental regulations • Unhealthy drinking water • Unsanitary urban streets

  26. Economy • Since 1970s- mixed economy • Mix of capitalism and communism • Closed state-run factories • Allowed private ownership • Zones where foreign businesses could operate • Led to: 2nd largest economy

  27. One-Child Policy • Up until 1960- Mao encouraged as many children as possible • Started in 1979- OCP • To alleviate social, economic, environmental problems • Reduce unemployment • O.C.P. enforced by army, police

  28. One Child Policy Consequences • Sons favored • Girls abandoned, put up for adoption • Forced abortions • Maternal sterilization • Infanticide • Corruption- wealthy get away with more

  29. Tiananmen Square • Beijing, 1989 • Student-led protests for government reform (7 weeks) • Hunger strike • Exposed deep rifts in China’s political system • Forcibly suppressed by communist officials/PLA- declared martial law • Thousands dead/hurt

  30. Consequence • Government called Tiananmen Square occupation by protestors a counter-revolutionary riot • Prohibited any talk of what happened (even today) • Censored information • Expelled foreign journalists

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