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Catholic Counter-Reformation

Catholic Counter-Reformation . Chapter 11. Many New Religious Orders. The Ursulines Religious order for women Established in 1535 Convents for religious education in France & Italy All social classes Became influential. Many New Religious Orders . Society of Jesus VERY IMPORTANT

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Catholic Counter-Reformation

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  1. Catholic Counter-Reformation Chapter 11

  2. Many New Religious Orders • The Ursulines • Religious order for women • Established in 1535 • Convents for religious education in France & Italy • All social classes • Became influential

  3. Many New Religious Orders • Society of Jesus • VERY IMPORTANT • Kagan: “…. Of various reform groups none was more instrumental in the success of the Counter Reformation…” • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola

  4. Many New Religious Orders • Jesuits (cont’d) • Ignatius of Loyola was wounded in battle against French  read Christian classics during his period of healing. After reading of heroic self sacrifice he underwent a religious conversion and wanted to serve as a soldier of Christ • Spiritual Exercises were to build religious and moral self discipline by using mental/emotional exercises to gain mastery over one’s feelings • Their goal was uncompromising loyalty to the church in order to win back Protestant converts

  5. Council of Trent • 1545 – 1563 • Popes resisted calling councils due to earlier Conciliar Movement • Trent is located in Northern Italy • The council spanned 4 papacies • Most of the work was completed by high ranking Italian church officials; the laity and lower clergy were not permitted to vote or share in decision making.

  6. Council of Trent • Discipline reforms • Churches were to stop the sale of church offices • Bishops were forced to live in their diocese and preach regularly • Parish priests were to be neatly dressed, better educated, more active among parishioners • Priest preparation was enabled by the establishment of seminaries in every diocese.

  7. Council of Trent • Doctrine Reforms • NONE! • Salvation through good works • Authority of tradition • 7 sacraments • Supported transubstantiation and no cup to the laity

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