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The Counter Reformation

The Counter Reformation. Today we will…. Analyze the ways the Catholic Church took to win back wayward people . The Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation. To defend itself against the Protestant movement, the Catholic Church took a number of actions known as the Catholic Reformation.

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The Counter Reformation

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  1. The Counter Reformation

  2. Today we will… • Analyze the ways the Catholic Church took to win back wayward people.

  3. The Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation • To defend itself against the Protestant movement, the Catholic Church took a number of actions known as the Catholic Reformation.

  4. Effective Leadership • A succession of capable, energetic popes provided strong leadership for church reform. From all of the clergy they demanded devotion to duty and the highest religious standards.

  5. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) • This Church Council • Reaffirmed basic Catholic doctrines such as papal supremacy and exclusive church authority to interpret the Bible. • Prohibited church abuses – nepotism, simony, and sale of indulgences. • Required the clergy to denounce worldly pleasures • Authorized an Index, a list of heretical books forbidden to Catholics • Abolished on June 14, 1966

  6. Notable Authors on the List • Francis Bacon • Niccolo Machiavelli • Galileo Galilei • John Calvin • Nicolaus Copernicus • Erasmus • JohanneKepler • John Locke • Martin Luther • Ulrich Zwingli • Rene Descartes • Michel Montaigne

  7. The Holy Inquisition • The Church courts vigorously combated heretics. In Italy and Spain the Inquisition stopped the spread of Protestantism.

  8. The Society of Jesus • This religious order was founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola. • Known as the Jesuits, the members became the spiritual soldiers fighting Protestantism. • By serving as priests and teachers, they helped preserve Catholicism in Poland, southern Germany, and Belgium.

  9. Baroque Art • The Catholic Church employed artists to “shock and awe” people back to the church.

  10. Effects of The Reformation

  11. Immediate Effects • End of Religious Unity – The religious unity of western Europe had been destroyed. • Predominantly Catholic – Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Ireland, Southern Germany, Austria, Poland, and Hungary. • Predominantly Protestant – England, Scotland, Wales, Holland, northern Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

  12. Religious Wars • In the 16th and 17th centuries, Europe endured a series of wars, cause partly by religious differences. • Civil Wars in Germany – Peace of Augsburg • Spanish Armada -1588 • Civil Wars in France – Edict of Nantes • Thirty Years War – Treaty of Westphalia

  13. Strengthened Civil Authority • The state gained power at the expense of the Church. • In Protestant countries, the governments: confiscated Catholic Church properties, abolished Catholic Church courts, and assumed control of new Protestant Churches. • Even in Catholic countries civil rulers asserted some control over the Church.

  14. Education • Protestantism, stressing individual Bible reading in a person’s own language, encouraged widespread teaching of reading.

  15. A Step Towards Religious Tolerance • Edict of Nantes – France • English Toleration Act (1689)

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