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The Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation. World History - Libertyville HS. Three Areas of Reform. Doctrine – a set of accepted beliefs of the Catholic faith Reforms of the Popes New religious order established. Doctrinal Changes. Council of Trent (1545) Bishops, cardinals reviewed Catholic doctrine

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The Counter-Reformation

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  1. The Counter-Reformation World History - Libertyville HS

  2. Three Areas of Reform • Doctrine – a set of accepted beliefs of the Catholic faith • Reforms of the Popes • New religious order established

  3. Doctrinal Changes • Council of Trent (1545) • Bishops, cardinals reviewed Catholic doctrine • Rejected any compromise with Protestant reformers • Decisions of Council of Trent • Church interpretation of Bible is final • Need faith AND good works for salvation (traditional interp.) • Bible and Church traditions are of equal authority • Indulgences are ok BUT selling false ones are banned • Seminaries were established, to educate and train new priests

  4. Reform Minded Popes • Paul III (r. 1534-1549) • Limited indulgences • Approved Jesuit order • Paul IV (r. 1555-1559) • “Index of Forbidden Books” – burned books that were considered “dangerous” to Catholics • Mostly made up of protestant texts • Re-constituted Inquisition as anti-Protestant tool

  5. Religious Order: Jesuits • “Society of Jesus” • Founder = Ignatius of Loyola (Spanish – 1491-1556) • Founded Society in 1522 • Wrote Spiritual Exercise: day by day plan of meditation, prayer, study • Very popular amongst regular Catholics • 1540 – Pope made Jesuits an official religious order

  6. Jesuit Order • Three primary activities • Founded schools in Europe to educate Catholics • Jesuit-educated children of rulers = loyal Catholic future ruler • Schools taught commoners, too • Missionary work around world, converting non-Catholics • Stopping the spread of Protestantism in Europe (“Soldiers of Christ”)

  7. Successes of Jesuits • Rigorously trained and educated members became confessors, teachers to monarchs and princes • Were examples to the rest of the Catholic world as the best of the Catholic Church • Helped stop the spread of Protestantism in Germany, Poland, Hungary , France • Missionary work in New World, Asia converted millions (today, very Catholic areas)

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