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C&I 212 Dr. Brown. No Child Left Behind. Federal Role in Education. Bill of Rights (10th Amendment) Morrill Acts Smith-Hughes Act (1917), George-Barden Act (1946) GI Bill (1944) National Defense Act (1958) Anti-discrimination acts (1964, 1972, 1973)
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C&I 212 Dr. Brown No Child Left Behind
Federal Role in Education • Bill of Rights (10th Amendment) • Morrill Acts • Smith-Hughes Act (1917), George-Barden Act (1946) • GI Bill (1944) • National Defense Act (1958) • Anti-discrimination acts (1964, 1972, 1973) • ESEA – Title I (1965, IASA 1994, NCLB 2001)
NCLB Rationale • Close achievement gaps between students of different economic, racial, ethnic backgrounds • Students should learn from highly qualified teachers • All students should graduate from high school and achieve high standards • Schools should be safe and drug free
NCLB Principles • Accountability • Measure yearly progress of all students • State-created standards • Adequate yearly progress (AYP) • Highly Qualified Teachers • Research-based instruction • “scientifically-based” research • Local control and flexibility • Can use 50% of fed $ to other programs • Parental options • Parents may transfer students to other schools
AYP Basics • Criteria: Math and reading assessment, test participation rate and other (attendance/graduation rate) • Baseline was set by each state in 2001, with 12 years to achieve goal • Test Scores: 40% (2003) – 100% (2014) • Participation: 95% • Graduation Rate: 65% (2003) – 85% (2014) • All subgroups (larger that 45 students) must meet AYP or a subgroup may increase by 10% (Safe Harbor) • Example; Illinois AYP Information; AYP Awards
AYP Success and Failure • Success is “rewarded” • Failure: • Published • Improvement plan • Professional development • 2 years of failure: (Academic Early Warning) • All of the above • Students can transfer within the district • 3 years of failure: (Academic Early Warning 1) • All of the above • Supplemental education • 4 years or more: (Academic Watch 1, 2, 3+) • Restructuring, replace staff, turn over operation to the state (5 years)
Race to the Top - Overview • Newest Federal Education initiative • Competitive grants to states • $20 - $700 Million (depending on state) • Phase 1: Tennessee and Delaware ($820 million total) • Phase 2: 10 states awarded ($3.4 billion) • Illinois was a finalist in both phases • “Phase 3”: 7 state were awarded funds • Illinois will receive $43 million.
Race to the Top – Reform Areas • Adopting standards and assessments that prepare students to succeed in college and the workplace and to compete in the global economy; • Building data systems that measure student growth and success, and inform teachers and principals about how they can improve instruction; • Recruiting, developing, rewarding, and retaining effective teachers and principals, especially where they are needed most; and • Turning around our lowest-achieving schools.