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Indoor Air Pollution. One of the most pressing global problems today Mostly from household products 2 to 5 times – and occasionally more than 100 times – higher than outdoor pollutant levels Statistics show that nearly half of the world is affected by indoor air pollution Causes about :
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Indoor Air Pollution • One of the most pressing global problems today • Mostly from household products • 2 to 5 times – and occasionally more than 100 times – higher than outdoor pollutant levels • Statistics show that nearly half of the world is affected by indoor air pollution • Causes about: • 35.7% of respiratory tract infections • 22% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 1.5% of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer
Indoor Air Pollution • Residues of more than 400 toxic chemicals have been identified in human blood and fat tissue • A five-year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study that surveyed 600 homes showed that: • Peak concentrations of 20 toxic compounds were 200 to 500 times higher inside some homes than outdoors • Linked to cancer and birth defects • Pesticides • Risk for leukemia increases by 4 to 7 times for children, ages 10 and under • Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and flea collars on pets • Increases risk of childhood brain cancer
Indoor Air Pollution • Symptoms • Runny nose • Itchy eyes • Scratchy throat • Headaches and dizziness • Respiratory tractinfections • Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution • Lung cancer • Liver and kidney damage • Central nervous system damage
Personal Care Products e.g. Anti-bacterial Toothpaste, Hand Wash and Shower Gel • Triclosan • Triclosan mixed with chlorinated water releases chloroform. When absorbed through the skin, chloroform may cause depression, liver disorder and even cancer.
Personal Care Products e.g. Anti-bacterial Toothpaste, Hand Wash and Shower Gel • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) • Prolonged contact may lead to urinary tract and vaginal inflammation and infection • Animal tests show: • Eye damage, depression, labored breathing, diarrhea, severeskin irritation and corrosion, and even death • Research shows that long-term exposure to SLS may increase cancer risk • A concentration of more than 0.01% of SLS leads to cell death
Household Cleaning Products e.g. Dishwashing Liquid, Washing Powder, Toilet Detergent, Tile/Glass Cleaning Liquid • Formaldehyde • Highly irritating • Allergen • Headaches, nausea, chest tightness, eye pain, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness • Prolonged exposure during pregnancy may cause birth defectsand even fetal death • Animal tests show that inhaling highconcentrations may lead to nasopharyngeal cancer • Sustained release of 3 to 15 years
Dry Cleaning • Tetrachloroethylene • Naphthalene • Benzene • Formaldehyde • Trichloroethylene — Carcinogenic
Indoor Furnishings e.g. Carpet, Paint, Wood Lacquer • Grime and dust • Tetrachloroethylene • Irritating and toxic to central nervous system and respiratory system • Turpentine • Easily absorbed through skin • Eye irritation, headache, dizziness and vomiting • Breathing or swallowing it causes kidney and bladderirritation • Volatile Organic Compounds • Carcinogenic
Garden Pesticides, and Flea, Tick and Lice Inhibitors • Lindane • Carcinogenic • May trigger epilepsy in rare circumstances • May even cause death
Shoe and Furniture Polish • Turpentine • Easily absorbed through skin • Eye irritation, headache, dizziness and vomiting • Breathing or swallowing it causes kidney and bladder irritation • Nitrobenzene • Toxic to reproductive and central nervous systems • Absorbed through skin
Air Fresheners • Isopar • A toxic substance widely used by manufacturers • p-Dichlorobenzene • Toxic to liver and kidneys • Carcinogenic • Methylene dichloride • A propellant used in many aerosol products • Carcinogenic • Naphthalene and Formaldehyde • Carcinogens
Essential Oils • Earliest mention in 1188 • Distilled from flowers, leaves and fruit skins • Aroma from natural botanical essences • Calming and relaxing effects; help to boost concentration • Improve blood circulation • Activate cells • Increase metabolism • Restore balance to the body
How Aroma Affects the Human Body • Travels through olfactory nerve to the brain • Stimulates brain to secrete endorphins and enkephalins • Produces a relaxing effect • Absorbed through skin • Absorbed and carried by tissue fluid between cells • Only a few types of essential oil e.g. mint can be absorbed through skin
Staying Happy and Relaxed Helps to: • Increase immunity • Improve digestion • Boost concentration • Improve sleep quality
Natural Aromas • Lavender—Melts away stress; soothing • Lemongrass—Lifts moods and boosts concentration • Rose—Uplifting and inspires joy and happiness • Jasmine—Soothing and revitalizing • Green Apple—Lifts moods and enhances vitality • Mint—Refreshing; prevents dizziness; cooling and relieves pain
Essential Oil Extraction Methods • Distillation • Expression • Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Distillation • Most common essential oil extraction method • Hot steam helps to release aromatic molecules from plant material, which evaporate into the steam • Passed through a condenser to separate water and essential oil • Essential oil • Condensed steam—Hydrosol
Essential Oils Extracted By Distillation • Rose • Jasmine • Lavender • Peppermint • Lemongrass
Expression • Expression—Skin, pulp or seeds • Obtains a mixture of water and oil • High-speed centrifugation—Separates water and oil
Essential Oils Extracted By Expression • Lemon • Sweet orange • Tangerine • Grapefruit
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) • One of the most advanced extraction techniques • Supercritical fluid—carbon dioxide • Critical Point—31.3C, 72.9 atm • Superior penetration • Excellent solvent • Safe and non-toxic • Non-flammable • Non-explosive
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) • Effectively separates, extracts and purifies • High efficacy and not easily oxidized • Natural and does not cause chemical pollution
Essential Oils Extracted By Supercritical Fluid Extraction • Rose • 1,500 to 2,500 kilograms of roses to extract one kilogram of essential oil • Lavender • 200 kilograms of lavender to extract one kilogram of essential oil (Distillation)
Aqua Essence • Essential oils + • Hydrosol from steam distillation
西柚、铃兰、茉莉 Grapefruit, Lily of the Valley, Jasmine
佛手柑、苹果、茉莉 Bergamot, Apple, Jasmine
薰衣草、迷迭香、白兰 Lavender, Rosemary, White Sandalwood
桂花、玫瑰、紫罗兰 Osmanthus, Rose, Violet
Common Uses of Aqua Essence Fragrance
Common Uses of Aqua Essence Clothes
Common Uses of Aqua Essence Pillow