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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Justin Pegueros 11/20/2012. HIV. Group VI (-) sense RNA, ~9kb Enveloped Family: Retroviridae Genus: Lentivirus HIV-1, HIV-2. HIV. Sexual, Needles, Blood Transmission Primarily Infects Dendritic Cells Travels to lymph, depletes CD4 cells

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Justin Pegueros 11/20/2012

  2. HIV • Group VI • (-) sense RNA, ~9kb • Enveloped • Family: Retroviridae • Genus: Lentivirus • HIV-1, HIV-2

  3. HIV Sexual, Needles, Blood Transmission Primarily Infects Dendritic Cells Travels to lymph, depletes CD4 cells Opportunistic Infections take advantage of weak immune system ---> AIDS Herbert W. Virgin & Bruce D. Walker. Nature 464, 224-231(11 March 2010)

  4. HIV Case Study A 28-year-old man had several complaints. He had a bad case of thrush (oral candidiasis) and low-grade fever, had serious bouts of diarrhea, had lost 20 pounds in the past year without dieting, and most seriously, he complained of difficulty breathing. His lungs showed a bilateral infiltrate on radiographic examination, characteristic of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A stool sample was positive for Giardia organisms. He was a heroin addict and admitted to sharing needles at a "shooting gallery."

  5. 1. What lab tests should have been done to support and confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection and AIDS? • Screening • ELISA • Rapid Oral Antibody • Confirmation • Western Blot

  6. 1. What lab tests should have been done to support and confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection and AIDS? • AIDS Confirmation • CD4:CD8 count to evaluate AIDS progression • RT-PCR to determine viral load • Used to gauge effects of drugs • Also used to screen infants for HIV • AIDS Related Complex

  7. 2. How did this man acquire the HIV Infection? What are other high risk behaviors? • Sharing Needles • Drug Abuse • Unprotected Sex http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1315000/images/_1317054_shooting_gallery_300_ap.jpg

  8. 3. What was the immunological basis for increased opportunistic infection? • Depleted CD4 count, CD8 kill them • Normally asymptomatic fungal infections • Pneuomocystis pneumonia • Candidiasis (oral thrush) • Giardia parasites

  9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PCPxray.jpg

  10. 4. What precautions should have been taken in handling patient samples? • Universal Precautions • Protective Gear • Disinfect all surface areas • Introduce barriers to bodily fluids

  11. 5. What are the possible components of an HIV vaccine? Who would receive them? • Vaccines • Recombinant Viral Vaccines • Protein Subunit Vaccines • DNA Vaccines • Killed Virus Vaccine (1) • Patients • Clinical Trials Phase II • Therapeutic v. Preventive • HIV infected patients, ARC v. AIDS

  12. Killed Virus Vaccine (SAV001)

  13. References EK Wagner, MJ Hewlett, DC Bloom, and D Camerini. Basic Virology,Third Edition. Blackwell Publishing, 2008. P. R. Murray et al. Medical Microbiology 5th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2005. UCSF Center for HIV Information. HIV Insite: Gateway to HIV and AIDS Knowledge. University of California, San Francisco (2012). Web. 18 Nov 2012. <http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite> Chhatbr C, Mishra R, Kumar A, Singh SK. HIV vaccine: hopes and hurdles. Drug Discovery Today. Vol 16(21/22): 948-956. November 2011 Sumagen. AIDS Vaccine. Sumagen (2005). Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://www.sumagen.co.kr/english/business/aids_vaccine.htm>

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