World War I Dates: 1914-1918 Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I):

2. World War I Dates: 1914-1918 Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I): Great Britain (England) France Germany Austria-Hungary Russia Italy USA Ottoman (Turkish) Empire

3. MAIN long term causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

4. Imperialism the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. Social Darwinism Need for resources, power, prestige White Mans Burden

5. White Mans Burden Questions: What is the “white man’s burden” ? Who carries it? Do you think Kipling supports colonialism or is addressing the concerns? Explain. • By Rudyard Kipling • McClure’s Magazine 12(Geb. 1899)

6. White Mans Burden The poem conveys Kipling's positive view of attitudes that allowed colonialism to proceed. It begins by describing the colonized Filipinos as "new-caught, sullen peoples, half devil and half child". Although a belief in the virtues of empire was widespread at the time, there were also many dissenters; the publication of the poem caused a flurry of arguments from both sides, most notably from Mark Twain and Henry James. While Kipling may have intended the piece as a form of satire, much of Kipling's other writing does suggest that he genuinely believed in the "beneficent role" which the introduction of Western ideas could play in lifting non-Western peoples out of poverty and 'ignorance'.[

7. How did Imperialism Cause WWI? • Rivalry over land • France and Germany • Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire • Want for Power, Prestige • Great Britain • Germany • France

8. Militarism • Extreme readiness for war by building up of arms, army and readiness (population). • Caused a buildup of military during late 1870-1914, esp. 1890s. • By 1914 all but Britain had large army and plans for mobilization • Germany and Britain in Naval race

9. Rivalries • Britain vs. Germany • Industrialization • Navy buildup (British “two power standard”, Germany was #2) • France vs. Germany • Franco-Prussian War (1870) • (Germany Won) Alsace and Lorraine • Morocco (1905, 1911) (France Won) • Austria-Hungary vs. Russia • Balkans and ethnic disputes • Non-frozen seaport for Russia

11. How did Militarism cause WWI? Nations had armies ready and prepared. Brought about new technology Caused Rivalries

12. Nationalism • Pride and devotion to one’s country or nation • Nations acted in their own self-interest, desiring to be free from the influence of other countries and prove their ethnicity as best. • Germany, Italy become nations from small states • Germany-Otto Von Bismarck united and became Chancellor and Kaiser William I became emperor.

13. Nationalism Continued • Franco-Prussian Wars • France lost border of Alasce and Lorraine • Russia and Pan-slavism • Support slavic peoples who shared common nationality • South Slav state • Serbia want South slavic state which would take land away from Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey

14. Alliancespact, coalition, or friendship between two or more parties Unification of Germany by Otto von Bismarck through wars and diplomacy from 1864-1871. 1879 – Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary (Secretly included Russia) 1882- Italy joins making the Triple Alliance 1887 – Reinsurance Treaty between Russia and Germany after Austria Hungary breaks 1879 treaty with Russia. 1890 – Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to Resign and lets Russian treaty expire

15. Alliances continued 1892 and 1894 – France and Russia make treaties 1904 – Britain signs am entente cordiale or friendly understanding with France 1907 – Britain signs a treaty with Russia, completing the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia) 1908 – Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina

16. “Powder Keg”barrel of gunpowder that a tiny spark might cause to explode Balkans as the “Powder Keg of Europe” Austria-Hungary and Serbia both hoped to absorb all the Southern Slavic people into their nation. 1912- First Balkan War - Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece take remaining Balkan lands from the Ottoman Empire (Albania was created). 1913 – Second Balkan War – Bulgaria attempts to take the spoils from first war from Greece and Serbia but loses.

17. Bosnia still belonged to Austria-Hungary

18. Assassination • June 28, 1914 Franz and Sophie Ferdinand visit Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia. • Assassinated by Serbian Nationalist GavriloPrincip (19) of “Black Hand” • Serbian officials knew of attempt but were not involved. • Austria-Hungary asks for and receives a “blank check” promise of support from Germany to attack Serbia. • July 23 48 hour Ultimatum made by Austria to Serbia. Serbia accepts all but one demand (Austrian-Hungarian officials into Serbia) • July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia

19. Chain Reaction July 28 - Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war lead to… July 29 - Russia mobilizing on Austria-Hungary leading to… July 29-31 - Germany asking Russia to stop or else leading to… August 1 – Germany declaring war on Russia (after no response) and then… August 3 – Germany declared war on France and marched through neutral Belgium, which lead to… August 4 - Britain declaring war on Germany to defend Belgium.

20. Teams: • Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire) • Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, Italians (switch sides, Spring 1915) and later the U.S.) • Japan sided with the Allies under Emperor Hirohito • T.E. Lawrence of Arabia led the Arab resistance against the Ottoman Empire

21. Colonies Japanese over German China and Pacific island colonies English and French over 3 out of 4 German African colonies In India, Gandhi urged Indian support for the War