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Ed Psych 6604

Ed Psych 6604. M odeling and the Social Cognitive View on Reinforcement and Punishment. Spenser Artaiz, Lori Calabrese, Andre Celestino, Morgan McClain.

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Ed Psych 6604

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  1. Ed Psych 6604 Modeling and the Social Cognitive View on Reinforcement and Punishment Spenser Artaiz, Lori Calabrese, Andre Celestino, Morgan McClain

  2. Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action." Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory, 1977

  3. Social Learning Theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

  4. People learn by observing others. Learning is an internal process that may or may not result in an obvious behavior. Behavior is directed toward specific goals. Motivation makes the difference in success. Behavior becomes self-regulated. Reinforcement and punishment have several indirect effects on learning and behavior. Assumptions of social cognitive theory

  5. People form expectations about possible consequences of a response based on how current responses are reinforced or punished. Learners often base outcome expectations on existing patterns of reinforcement, non-reinforcement and punishment. Social Cognitive view of reinforcement and punishment

  6. When expected rewards don’t happen, we perceive them as punishment. • If an expected punishment doesn’t happen, people often feel reinforced for the behavior • It increases the chances of the rule being broken again. • Teachers must follow through on promised consequences. Nonoccurrence of expected consequences

  7. are influenced by observations of consequences other people receive .Vicarious Experiences. Vicarious Reinforcement: When we observe someone else being reinforced for a behavior. Vicarious punishment: When we observe someone else being punished for a behavior. Expectations:

  8. -Humans are born to imitate -Starts in infancy -Mirror neurons in the brain become active when learners either observe others engaging in a behavior or when learners engage in that behavior themselves -Our brains are prewired to make connections between observing and doing -This enhances our ability to learn new skills from the social and cultural surroundings Modeling

  9. Live: real people we actually watch doing something. Symbolic: real or fictional characters seen in TV, film, books and media. Verbal Instructions: descriptions of how to successfully execute certain behaviors without another human being. 3 types of Social Learning

  10. Write the names of 5 people you admire, whose behaviors you would like to imitate in some way. Beside each name, write down at least one reason why you admire them. Effective Models

  11. Competence Prestige and Power Gender appropriate behavior Relevant to the learner’s own situation Characteristics of effective models

  12. Observational learning effect: when a child learns a new behavior after watching model Response facilitation effect: when a child displays a learned behavior more often after seeing model being reinforced for behavior Response inhibition effect: when a child displays a learned behavior less often after seeing model punished for that behavior. Response disinhibition effect: when a child displays a forbidden behavior more often after seeing model do the behavior with no adverse consequences. How Modeling Affects behavior

  13. Attention: the learner must pay attention to the model Retention: the learner must remember what the model does Motor Reproduction: the learner must be physically capable of reproducing the modeled behavior. Motivation: the learner must be motivated to to demonstrate the modeled behavior. Successful Modeling

  14. The Bobo Doll Study

  15. The Bobo Doll Study

  16. Does the violence that children observe on TV, movies and video games lead them to aggressive behavior? The Bobo Doll Study

  17. Social Cognitive Theory •-Focuses on the learning that occurs within a social/cultural context • ü-Learners observe new behaviors and skills from a model ü ü-They may demonstrate those skills or not ü- Social Cognitivists believe people and their behavior become self-regulated (thinking before you do). ü •-Reinforcement and punishment influence an individual’s behavior only if the learner connect the consequence to specific things he/she has done •-Successful modeling includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation Conclusions

  18. Mrs. Purdue believes that using demonstrations in class will help her students better understand the concepts that she is teaching. Mrs. Purdue most likely believes which assumption of social-cognitive theory? • Learning by observation • Reciprocal learning • Self-regulation of behavior • Indirect effects of reinforcement and punishment • Goal-directed behavior Quiz

  19. Mrs. Purdue believes that using demonstrations in class will help her students better understand the concepts that she is teaching. Mrs. Purdue most likely believes which assumption of social-cognitive theory? • Learning by observation • Reciprocal learning • Self-regulation of behavior • Indirect effects of reinforcement and punishment • Goal-directed behavior Quiz

  20. Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and • Learning • Heredity • Goals • Behavior • Cognition Quiz

  21. Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and • Learning • Heredity • Goals • Behavior • Cognition Quiz

  22. Emily is in middle school and tries to imitate her sister, who plays volleyball really well. This behavior fits under which characteristic of effective models? • Competence • Behavior relevant to the learner's own situation • Symbolic Modeling • Prestige and Power • Gender-appropriate behavior Quiz

  23. Emily is in middle school and tries to imitate her sister, who plays volleyball really well. This behavior fits under which characteristic of effective models? • Competence • Behavior relevant to the learner's own situation • Symbolic Modeling • Prestige and Power • Gender-appropriate behavior Quiz

  24. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis. (2014). Educational Psychology: Developing Learners (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson.Nolen, Jeannette L. (2013). Bobo Doll experiment. Retrieved from:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1567717/Bobo-doll-experiment References

  25. THANK YOU

  26. Questions ?

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