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Developmental Psych

Developmental Psych. From the cradle to the grave. The Central Question:. What really plays more of a roll in determining WHO WE ARE? Your genes? OR Your environment?. Gene- Environment Interaction. Genes can influence environmental reactions.

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Developmental Psych

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  1. Developmental Psych From the cradle to the grave

  2. The Central Question: What really plays more of a roll in determining WHO WE ARE? Your genes? OR Your environment?

  3. Gene- Environment Interaction • Genes can influence environmental reactions. • Ex- being naturally artistic, more attention from art teacher= better development of skill. • Environments can also influence genes to have an influence- • Ex. Living in a troubled home may trigger a kid’s aggressiveness to come out (genetically influenced.) • Genes and Enviro- 2 hands clapping!

  4. Genetics • YOU= 46 chromosomes, 23 -mom, 23- dad 23rd pair tells whether you’re a boy or a girl. XX= girl, XY= boy

  5. Genetics The book CHROMOSOMES- contain DNA DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, contains human genome GENES- synthesizing proteins, building blocks of DNA WE SHARE 99.9% OF OUR DNA WITH EVERYONE ELSE!

  6. The Human Genome- “Instructions for Life” • Complete instructions for making an organism consisting of all genetic material. • Found in DNA • Common sequence • Composed of genes • Us and Chimps = 96% the same

  7. The Human Genome Project • The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium published “the human genome” in February 2001 with the sequence of the entire genome's three billion base pairs some 90 percent complete! • The # of human genes appeared to be significantly fewer than previous estimates, which ranged from 50,000 genes to as many as 140,000.

  8. A Short HGP Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZ_b800KcPo

  9. What’s Next? • The Cancer Genome Atlas • aims to identify all the genetic abnormalities seen in 50 major types of cancer. • NIH (National Institute of Health) • Want to sequencing an individual’s genome for $1,000 or less. • Having your individual genome sequence will make it easier to diagnose, manage and treat many diseases.

  10. Conception • 200 million sperm rush after mother’s egg Releases digestive enzyme to break through egg. Once winning sperm gets in, a “force field” is created to block out all others. Outer surface fuses shut, and closes the door.

  11. Prenatal Development • Fertilized eggs= “zygotes” • Fewer than ½ survive beyond the first 2 weeks. • Within 1 week= 100 cells, differentiated by structure and function. • After 10 days, attach to uterine wall. • Outer part- forms placenta (gives nourishment and protection) • Inner part- embryo (2 weeks till second month)

  12. Organ development • Heart formed at 20 days, beats at 3 weeks. • By day 28- backbone and muscles forming • Arms, legs, ears, eyes • By day 30-placenta forms barrier to allow oxygen and food in and mothers separate. By day 30, embryo is 10,000 times larger than the original fertilized egg.

  13. Organ Development 5 weeks 6 weeks

  14. Fetus: 9 weeks- birth • Stomach functional, responsive to sound.

  15. Placenta Importance • Feeds and nourishes fetus. • Screens out harmful teratogens (viruses/drugs/smoke) • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- 1/ 750 infants. Birth defects if mother drinks while pregnant. • Small head, brain abnormalities, mental retardation.

  16. Newborns • Reflexes for survival: FIND MOM! • She is a source of love, comfort and most of all, food. • Rooting reflex- babies automatically turn their faces to a stimulus (mother’s nipple). • Seek out human interaction = survival

  17. A Baby’s Brain • Huge neural growth spurt up until puberty. • 23 billion nerve connections at birth. (Most) • Frontal lobe- most rapidly • Association areas- last

  18. Memory • “Infantile Amnesia”- you cannot remember anything before you are 3 years old. • Preverbal memories are like encoding a different language. • The mind has the knowledge but cannot express it. • Trauma before the age of 3/4- more severe psychological effects.

  19. Hey, you guys look alike, are you twins? • Identical • Monozygotic= 1 egg splits in 2 • 100% the same • Often treated alike • Similar divorce rates • Fraternal • Dizygotic= 2 eggs separately fertilized • No more similar that your older or younger siblings

  20. Separated Twins • The Jim Twins- same wives names’, dogs’ names, intelligence, personality. • Separated twins are more dissimilar than twins reared together. • Still, remarkable similarities = controversy

  21. Adoption Studies • Adopted kids tend to turn out more similar to biological parents than adopted parents. • Genetic leash!! Can only go so far. • Environment has some role in child’s development: • Attitudes • Values • Faith • Adoptive homes tend to be more stable- kids do benefit.

  22. “Why are me and my siblings so different?” • Parenting= process performed by parents and children. • From early on, children monitor and react to their parents’ interactions with their siblings. (Self-comparisons) • First-borns and second-borns watch mother’s interactions with siblings. Compare amount of attention given. • Kids who receive less affection and attention = likely to be more worried, anxious or depressed than other children. • Parents tend to secretly prefer their most attractive child.

  23. http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1174910082001_2094342,00.htmlhttp://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,1174910082001_2094342,00.html

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