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Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules. What is an organic molecule ? Molecule made of CARBON “Molecules of life!”. Why study Carbon?. All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% H 2 O ~25% carbon compounds ~3% salts (Na, Cl , K…) C atoms are versatile building blocks 4 stable covalent bonds.

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Organic Molecules

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  1. Organic Molecules What is an organic molecule? Molecule made of CARBON “Molecules of life!”

  2. Why study Carbon? • All of life is built on carbon • Cells • ~72% H2O • ~25% carbon compounds • ~3% salts (Na, Cl, K…) • C atoms are versatile building blocks • 4 stable covalent bonds

  3. 1.Carbohydrates 2. Lipids (Fats) 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids 4 Organic Molecules

  4. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Carbohydrates Energy molecules

  5. Building Blocks = simple sugars Monosaccharides – one sugar Glucose (C6H1206) Fructose (C6H1206)

  6. Disacchardides – 2 sugars

  7. Polysaccharides – many sugars • Energy Storage • starch(plants) • glycogen(animals) • Structure • cellulose (plants) • chitin (arthropods & fungi)

  8. 3 main types of Starch 0

  9. Cellulose - Most abundant organic compound on Earth • herbivores have evolved a mechanism to digest cellulose • most carnivores have not

  10. How can herbivores digest cellulose so well? • BACTERIAlive in their digestive systems & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Ruminants

  11. Chitin, a different structural polysaccharide CH2OH O OH H H OH H OH H H NH O C CH3 (b) Chitin forms the exo- skeleton of arthropods. This cicada is molting, shedding its old exoskeleton and emerging in adult form. It is also found in Fungal Cell Walls. (a) The structure of the chitin monomer. (c) Chitin is used to make a strong and flexible surgical thread that decomposes after the wound or incision heals.

  12. long term energy storage concentrated energy Lipids

  13. Building Blocks = glycerol and FA

  14. Saturated fats • All C bonded to H • No C=C double bonds • long, straight chain • most animal fats • solid at room temp. • contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

  15. Unsaturated fats • C=C double bonds in the fatty acids • plant & fish fats • vegetable oils • liquid at room temperature • the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together

  16. Saturated vs. unsaturated saturated unsaturated 

  17. Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything! Proteins

  18. Building Blocks = Amino Acids • Structure • central carbon • amino group • carboxyl group (acid) • R group (side chain) • variable group, different for each amino acid • like 20 different letters of an alphabet - can make many words (proteins)

  19. Think of the aa like beads in a necklace • aa are linked by peptide bonds

  20. Formation of a Peptide bond

  21. Protein structure is based on the sequence of amino acids.

  22. DNA – heredity RNA – makes proteins Nucleic Acids

  23. Building Blocks = Nucleotides

  24. Review: Polymers and Monomers

  25. Name the Organic Molecule 3. 1. 2. 4.

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