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Crises of the Late Middle ages

Crises of the Late Middle ages. calamitous. ca·lam·i·tous extremely unfortunate: causing great trouble, tragedy, or disaster. Geography. Europe in 1400. Geography of Europe in 1400. From 1300-1400 states consolidated their holdings = fewer small states Major states at this time :

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Crises of the Late Middle ages

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  1. Crises of the Late Middle ages

  2. calamitous • ca·lam·i·tous • extremely unfortunate: causing great trouble, tragedy, or disaster

  3. Geography

  4. Europe in 1400

  5. Geography of Europe in 1400 From 1300-1400 states consolidated their holdings = fewer small states Major states at this time: England Union of Kalmar = Norway, Sweden, Denmark Scotland Poland-Lithuania Portugal Bohemia France Hungary Austria Wallachia (= Romania today) Ottoman Empire Do not yet exist as we know them today: Spain, Italy, Germay = still not united Russia = still under Mongol Yoke (1237-1480)

  6. CRISIS #1 • THE GREAT SCHISM • What is a “schism”? • split • What do you think split? • What are the 2 things we’ve recently discussed have weakened the power of the pope. • Crusades • Black Plague

  7. Three Practices that Weakened the Church • Many village priests ____________. • Bishops sold ___________. This called simony. • Kings were appointing ___________. married positions bishops

  8. The Great Schism 0f 1378 – Crisis #1 • French pope elected A. Capital moved from Italy to France (weakened the church) • French pope dies; people want an Italian pope • Italian pope is chosen; people later regret decision

  9. The great schism • Another French pope is elected  A. There are TWO popes (Great Schism)! • Resolution: a THIRD pope • Final resolution: council forces all three popes to resign • Picked a new pope  greatly weakened papacy

  10. Before we get to crisis #3… • After Charlemagne passed away, did an emperor have control over Europe? • Lords had power • Creation of HRE • Because towns were growing, government was starting to develop • What do you think the first two countries to develop out of Western Europe • England and France

  11. Quick history of England • England was founded by the Angles • “Land of the Angles” • A non-Anglo, William the Conqueror invades England in 1066. • Juries are introduced by Henry II (1154-1189) in English courts • John (1199-1216) agrees to the Magna Cartain 1215. • Limited the king’s power • Gave rights to the people • Edward I (1272-1307) calls the Model Parliament in 1295.

  12. Quick history of france • Hugh Capet increases the territory of France. • Phillip II wanted to make a strong government • Established bailiffs to preside over courts and collect taxes • Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a French appeals court. • Royal court could overturn local courts • Philip IV (1285-1314) adds Third Estate (commoners) to Estates General • Commoners were now part of the law making process

  13. Crisis #3: The Hundred Years’ War Who do you think it was between?

  14. Leading to the war… • The last Capetian king left no heir in France. • Only his grandson, Edward III • However Edward III, was the king of England • Lasted from 1337-1453 (116 years)

  15. Effects of hundred years war • Feelings of nationalism in both countries • Pride in fighting for king/country • Frenchmonarch gains power • England – war of the Roses • Some think this is the end of the Middle Ages • Feudalism and religion had died

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