1 / 27

Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

Section 2 – Rise of Militarism. Different Ideologies. Capitalism – An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.

eliora
Download Presentation

Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Section 2 – Rise of Militarism

  2. Different Ideologies • Capitalism – An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market. • Fascism – Centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. • Socialism – Planning, producing, and distributing goods is controlled by a central government that seeks equitable distribution of property and labor. • Communism –The state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital. (ex: a classless society).

  3. Different Ideologies – Cow Example • Capitalism – You have two cows. You sell one and buy a bull. • Fascism – You have two cows. You give them to the Government, and the Government then sells you some milk. • Socialism – You have two cows. The government takes one and gives it to your neighbor. • Communism –You have two cows. You give them to the Government, and the Government then gives you some milk.

  4. Mussolini in Italy • Benito Mussolini: • il Duce (Title) • Centralizes Power • Fascist Dictator Italy (1922-1943) • Leader of Fascist Party • Italian Empire

  5. Rise to Power • Fascism: • System of Government: • Centralization of Authority under a Dictator • Stringent Socioeconomic Controls • Suppression of Opposition: • Through Terror & Censorship • Policy of Belligerent Nationalism & Racism • Fascisti: • Armed Squads: (Political) • Terrorize Socialists • Fascist Party: • Mussolini Forms in 1921 • Supported by Liberals in Parliament • Introduces • Strict Censorship

  6. Fascist Party • Blackshirts: • Mussolini Army • Color of Uniforms • March on Rome • October 1921 • Occupy City • Supported by Nationalists • Strengthen Italy • Businesspeople • Opposed Socialists & Communists

  7. Power by Force • Prime Minister: • Appointed by King • Limits • Freedom of Speech • Arrested Political Opponents • Restricted Voting • Imperial Power: • 1935 • Forces sent into Ethiopia • Poorly Equipped • No Match • Lack of Support: • U.S. pass Neutrality Act • Fascist Countries • Aggression would go Unpunished

  8. Propaganda • ilPopolod'Italia: (The People of Italy) • Mussolini founded in 1914 • Fascist Movement Foundation • Propaganda: • Supervises: • Press • Radio • Education • Films • Legend of "Duce": • Man who is always Right • Could solve all Problems of Politics & Economics • Dictatorial Powers: • 1926 • Dissolves Political Parties

  9. USSR – Bid for Power • Vladimir Lenin: • Leader of Bolshevik Revolution 1917 • Red Army vs. White Army • Assassination Attempt • Leaves Bullet Lodged in Neck • Dies January 1924 • Suffered 4th Stroke • Body put on display in Red Square • Work with Capitalist Societies • Wanted to eliminate this Bureaucracy • Wanted Trotsky(Red Army Leader) • Not Stalin

  10. Leon Trotsky • Exiled to Siberia by Nicholas II • Introduced to Marxism • Allied himself with Lenin during Bolshevik Revolution • Lenin’s 2nd in Command • Leader of Red Army which recaptured territory from White Army • Outmaneuvered by Stalin • Exiled to Kazakhstan • Soon exiled from entire Soviet Union • Fled to Mexico • Stalin sends hitmen to kill Trotsky • Shoot up house (survives) • Ice Pick • Not the Man: • "Big Headed” • Missed Lenin Funeral • Wanted World Revolution

  11. Stalin Emerges • Achieving Power: • Underhanded Tactics: Secret, Sly, or Deceitful • Told Trotsky Wrong Funeral Date • Covers up Lenin's Will • Advocates 'Socialism in one Country' then World Revolution • Argued Opponents were Non-Communist • Got them Dismissed • Assassinates Enemies • Great Purges • 30 Million People Die • Kills own military leaders • Peasants • Communists Threats

  12. Josef Stalin • Totalitarian State: • Government has Complete Control • 1927 Government Seizing Private Lands • Reorganize into Large State-Run Farms • Labor camps • 15 million sent by 1933 • Results: • Decreased Food Production • Widespread Famine • Crushed Opposition: • Red Army & Police = NVKD • Used to Impose Will

  13. Hirohito • Emperor of Japn • Assumed position after father’s death in 1926 • Approved war in China • Invasion of Manchuria (1931) • Pearl Harbor (1941) • Appointed Hideki Tojo • Prime Minister

  14. Militarists in Japan • Expansion in Asia: • Military Leaders Gaining Power • During 1920's • Military Leaders: • Lesson Reliance on Foreign Imports • Reduce Western Influence • Japanese Expansion in Asia & Pacific • Japanese Empire: • Control Areas Producing Resources • Iron • Petroleum • Rubber • Timber • Economy: • Struggling • Strengthens Militarists Position

  15. Japanese Expansions • Manchuria: • Japan Invades • 1931 • Signals Imperialist Ambitions • Washington Conference: • Begin Rapid Naval Buildup • 1934-1935 • Violates Pledge

  16. Nanking Massacre • Nanking Massacre: • 1937 & 1938 • Massacre 300,000 Civilians • Chinese Soldiers • Disgraceful • Japan Soldiers "Toughen Up” • Future Battles • Bayonet Practice • Decapitations • Machine Gun Fire • Soaked with Gasoline...Burnt • Civilians: • Women Young & Old • Gang raped then murdered • Men murdered • Response: • Condemned Actions • Focused on Hitler in Europe

  17. Germany • German Economy: • Vulnerable • Built on Foreign Capitol • Loans (America) • Depended on Foreign Trade • German Industry: • Production Levels Fall • Workers Laid Off • Banks Fail • Savings...Gone • Inflation

  18. Depression • German People: • Struggling to Survive • Billions for Necessities • Cast into Poverty & Misery • Look for a Solution...Any Solution • Nazi Party • Before Depression: • Slow Growth • Under 100,000 of 60,000,000 • Tightly Controlled • Very Disciplined • Fanatics • Flag of our struggle 

  19. Adolf Hitler • Beer Hall Putsch: • Forcibly take Power • Overthrow Young Democracy • Failed (Epic Fail) • Hitler: • Changes Tactics • Overthrow it Legally • Get Elected • Building Nazi "Shadow Government” • Replace Democracy

  20. Mein Kampf • Mein Kampf: (My Struggle) • Written in Prison • Restore Germany to Power • Militaristic & Anti-Semitic • Twin Evils: • Communism & Judaism • Three Stages: • 1st Stage: Re-Armament & Form Alliances • Britain & Italy • 2nd Stage: Fight France & Eastern Europe Allies • 3rd Stage: Destroy Soviet Union

  21. New Order • Third Reich: (Third Empire) • 1st = Holy Roman Empire (962-1806) • 2nd = German Empire (1871-1918) • Nazis Government (1933-1945) • "Coordination": • Alignment to Nazis Control • Culture • Economy • Education • Law

  22. Heil Hitler

  23. Reichstag • Reichstag Fire: • Hitler is Chancellor (January 1933) • February 27, 1933 • Reichstag Delegate Powers to Hitler • Deal with Crisis • Enabling Act: • Dictator of Germany • Freed of: • Legislative Constraints • Constitutional Constraints

  24. Storm Troopers • Brownshirts: (SA) • Nazis Storm Troopers (Crush opposition) • Hitler's Private Army • Crush Political Opposition • Ernst Roehm- First Leader • 1931: 70,000 • 1934: 4.5 million • Replace Regular Army • Night of Long Knives: • 1934 Purge of SA • No Longer Needed • Military & Businessmen • Himmler Spreading Rumors • Roehm& Officers • Start Socialist Revolution • Arrested & Killed • SS under Himmler Replaces SA • Gruppenfuhrer • Answers only to Hitler

  25. Hitler Takes Power • Hitler Achieves Power: • Fuehrer (Head of Nazis Party) • Dictator of Germany (Emergency Powers) • Reichstag Fire • President Position Eliminated (Hindenberg Dies 1934) • Reich Chancellor (Head of Gov't) • Army Swore Oath of Personal Loyalty • Title: Fuehrer & Reich Chancellor • 1936 Olympics • Chance to promoteracialsupremacy • Did not thinkthatblacks and jewsshouldparticipate • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSgx8pzdjWY

  26. Jewish Hatred • Anti-Semitism: • Discrimination & Hatred of Jews • Becomes Official Government Policy • Nuremberg Laws: • Passed Nazis Party Rally in 1935 • Deprive Jews • German Citizenship • Prohibits Marriage • Between Jews & other German's • Classified People • German = 4 German Grandparents • One or two Jewish "Mixed Blood” • Kristallnacht: • Night of Crystal • Night of Broken Glass

  27. Reflection • Which 2 of the 4 groups are the worst? Why? • Josef Stalin - Japanese Militarism • Benito Mussolini - Adolf Hitler

More Related