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LetterEase: Improving the Multi-tap Method via Letter Reassignment

LetterEase: Improving the Multi-tap Method via Letter Reassignment. Presented By Katrina Cruz For Massey University 14 June 2005. Agenda. Introduction Background of the Study Literature Review Methodology LetterEase Results Discussion Conclusion. Introduction.

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LetterEase: Improving the Multi-tap Method via Letter Reassignment

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  1. LetterEase: Improving the Multi-tap Method via Letter Reassignment Presented By Katrina Cruz For Massey University 14 June 2005

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Background of the Study • Literature Review • Methodology • LetterEase • Results • Discussion • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • There is a lack of fast and efficient text entry methods available for mobile phones. • Multi-tap method most popular. Figure 1: Conventional mobile phone keypad inefficiently designed for text entry.

  4. Introduction Cont. • Multi-tap has been criticised for being slow and cumbersome to use. • The purpose of this study is to minimize multi-tap’s weaknesses via LetterEase; a new letter assignment.

  5. Background to the Study • Short message service (SMS) became a real hit by 1998. • Commercial text input methods included: • A QWERTY keypad. • T9.

  6. Literature Review • Two-key disambiguation • Linguistic disambiguation • Dictionary-based • Prefix-based • TiltText • Chording Keyboards • Twiddler • ChordTap Figure 2: Chording keyboards

  7. Literature Review • MessageEase Figure 3: MessageEase

  8. Methodology • The study aimed to investigate LetterEase using a between-subjects experimental design. • In particular: • speed (wpm) • accuracy and • keystrokes per character (KSPC) will be examined.

  9. Methodology Cont. • 3 letter assignments were tested using mobile phone simulations running on an iPAQ PDA: • The conventional letter assignment • Fewer letters per Key (FLPK) • LetterEase Figure 4: FLPK letter assignment

  10. LetterEase • Derived from SMS letter-frequency data and the distance between buttons. Figure 5: LetterEase letter assignment

  11. Results Table 1: Overall task performance in each system (14 participants,20 trials)

  12. Discussion • Slower typing speed can be explained by MacKenzie’s study of text entry (2001), where learning is divided into 3 phases: • Initial discovery • Users develop motor skills • Actions are performed reflexively

  13. Conclusion • LetterEase reduced multi-tap KSPC by 37%, and error rate by 12%. • Speed is momentarily slower, however this may be likely to change over more trials.

  14. Conclusion Cont. • LetterEase should be more refined in design: • Greater amount of letter-frequency data needed • More trials needed • Character assignment issue needs to be resolved. • Potentially good chance of adoption given the standard numeric keypad’s popularity.

  15. Questions?

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