IGST-XII: UK Progress Report John Siddorn, August 2007

1. IGST-XII: UK Progress ReportJohn Siddorn, August 2007

2. Contents • Update on NCOF • Progress with NEMO ocean model framework • FOAM update • Data assimilation • Ecosystems • Downscaling • OSTIA • Data delivery development

3. Update on NCOF • NCOF was launched in March 2005 • Partners are the Met Office and the NERC marine research institutes • POL, NOCS, ESSC, PML • CEFAS are Observers, with a view to joining • The Consortium Agreement is nearing completion • Discussion on IPR, but with strong support at director level • NCOF Activities • 50 on spreadsheet • NCOF Workshops • Annual gatherings

4. Progress with NEMO • NEMO is the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean • The Met Office is committed to transitioning it’s ocean modelling activities to use NEMO • Includes development of NEMO for use in shelf seas modelling • NEMO Consortium Agreement • CNRS and Met Office ready to sign • NOCS NERC are also now going to be signatories (also ready) • NEMO Systems Team • Core of team at CNRS (Paris), but consortium agreement commits resources from NOCS (Southampton) and Met Office (Exeter) • NEMO Users • Includes the open ocean, shelf seas, seasonal forecasting and climate prediction communities • Intention to use NEMO as the primary open ocean modelling tool across all communities

5. FOAM-NEMO: Current status • Operational: 1/3° Atlantic-Arctic model as a parallel system • Enable assessment of forecast skill • Provide baseline for optimising system • Other Atlantic models will be added in a couple of months • Full switch depends on data delivery systems • Semi-operational: 1/16° NE Atlantic MERSEA vn2 system

6. NEMO at NOCS • Running a ORCA1 66 level NEMO • uses the CORE forcing (with 6-hourly variability) • increased upper ocean resolution for ecosystem modelling • run for 12 years at present without problems. Ice SST

7. 12 year changes in MOC 2009 2010 2012 2011 2005 2006 Indicate reduced poleward flow of warm water 2008 2007

8. NEMO at ESSC • ESSC undertaking research and development into data assimilation techniques for use with open ocean models. • includes the use of the FOAM and NEMO systems to facilitate pull-through into the operational forecasting system. • 1o 46 level global NEMO model used for hindcast data assimilation experiments over the Argo period • Later this year 40 year reanalyses will be performed using all available hydrographic data • using S(T) and S(density) methods

9. NEMO: Plans • Met Office • Mercator will be running ORCA025 global (¼o) and NAtl 1/12o with 50 levels • Met Office plans to provide equivalent daily running parallel systems as part of the MyOceans proposal • Differences in assimilation and sea ice • FOAM regional/zoom configurations will transition to NEMO by mid 2009 • NOCS • 64 level ORCA025 global (¼o) including biogeochemistry. • Preliminary tests of a full “LOBSTER” biogechemical model within the ORCA1 configuration. • ESSC • a ¼o NEMO configuration for reanalysis work in collaboration with ECMWF is planned for later this year. • Later this year 40 year reanalyses will be performed using all available hydrographic data, and using S(T) and S(density) methods. • ¼ o NEMO will be run for a 3 year hindcast assimilating Argo and Rapid THC array data later this year.

10. FOAM: current operational configurations 12km (1/9º) Mediterranean 1º Global 36km (1/3º) North Atlantic and Arctic 12km (1/9º) North Atlantic 36km (1/3º) Indian Ocean Boundaries to shelf seas systems 27km (1/4º) Antarctic • All configurations run daily in the operational suite 12km (1/9º) Arabian Sea

11. FOAM status: recent upgrades 0 -40 -80 140 100 60 20 • Changes to mixed layer scheme • Use of the Kara et al. (2000) optimal mixed layer depth • Parameter tuning • Parameters explored using 1D model and Argo float data Verification statistics for global FOAM MLD mean error (m) MLD RMS error (m)

12. FOAM status: recent upgrades Satellite SST data used in FOAM has recently been upgraded • Previous data was low resolution (2.5º) AVHRR • Data reliability had deteriorated since early last year • New SST data is a NESDIS product • 100km gridded data delivered daily • 50km gridded data delivered twice a week • Eventual aim is to use GHRSST data Sea-ice concentration data also upgraded • OSISAF data replaced old CMC product Old SatSST data: c. 3000 obs daily New NSST100 data: c. 33000 obs daily

13. FOAM status: on-going work • Validation of surface currents • Detailed validation of surface currents from 1/9º North Atlantic FOAM • Validation against surface drifter data Taylor diagram (RMS error, correlation, and standard deviation)

14. FOAM: Plans Operational system • Trial all remaining models in parallel NEMO-FOAM suite • Full switch to NEMO-FOAM when • Scientific accuracy confirmed (analyses and forecasts) • System efficiency acceptable • Data delivery mechanisms fully tested Data assimilation • Complete production of model MDT from long hindcasts • Implement bias correction techniques for altimeter assimilation • Investigations into density and ‘spiciness’ as control variables. • Assimilate GHRSST high resolution SST data operationally. • Implement an advanced data assimilation scheme (3D,4D-Var, EnKF) • Continued developments of ecosystem data assimilation

15. Altimetry Assimilation:Mean Dynamic Topography No altimeter assimilation With altimeter assimilation • No assimilation of altimeter data on the shelf • Mean dynamic topography (MDT) of model not consistent with Rio05 • Causes generation of spurious shelf-break currents • Solution chosen is to use model MDT from a long hindcast instead of Rio05 • Will use bias correction techniques (both model and observed biases) Mean velocities from FOAM-NEMO (over 3 months)

16. Altimetry Assimilation:Mean Dynamic Topography Typical aliasing errors from MSSH-Geoid • Improved MDT from GRACE/GOCE data by careful treatment of omission errors in MSSH and Satellite Geoid =>ESA toolbox for GOCE • Allowing MDT errors to be treated as an observation bias during altimeter assimilation => Improved SLA predictions in FOAM 1/3 model (Drecourt et al 2006) FOAM MDT MDT Error Variance

17. Altimeter Assimilation:Impact of applying balancing velocity increments • In FOAM-NEMO, without and with applying the balancing velocity increments • Both animations show difference between a run with and a run without the altimeter assimilation over a 10 day period No balancing velocity increments With balancing velocity increments

18. Altimeter Assimilation:Assimilating “spiciness” T(z), S(z) → z(ρ) , π (ρ) → Assimilate → T(z), S(z) Spiciness increment π (ρ) Density level depth z(ρ) before and after assimilation Density /kg m-3 Spiciness /kg m-3 Can spread spiciness over larger spatial scales on ρ levels

19. Assimilation:Meridional Overturning Circulation • Perform 1º and ¼ º global simulations over 40 years, using novel technique to assimilate T and S observations (along isotherms/isopycnals) • Determine how well the MOC, MHT and water mass transformation budgets are constrained by data assimilation. • Focus on roles of Argo and Rapid Array data MOC Strength at 26N (Sv) 25 20 15 0 +0.1 1000 2000 0.0 3000 4000 Meridional velocity anomaly at 26N 5000 -0.1 1970 1980 1990 2000

20. Ecosystem modelling Schematic of HadOCC • Development of open ocean water clarity capability • Hadley Centre Ocean Carbon Cycle model (HadOCC) has been coupled with the FOAM system • NPZD ecosystem model • FOAM-HadOCC running at 1º, 1/3º and 1/9º resolution • Assessment of initial year-long integrations underway • Ocean colour data assimilation scheme (developed by NOCS) implemented and testing commenced

21. Ecosystem Modelling:Validation of FOAM-HadOCC results Validation of surface chlorophyll against SeaWiFS data Daily mean North Atlantic fields for 20th April 2003 1/3º North Atlantic & Arctic 1º Global 1/9º North Atlantic SeaWiFS 5-day composite

22. Downscaling:Shelf seas model development and testing NEMO POLCOMS • Shelf seas developments are being added to NEMO by several European groups • Met Office testing is starting with tides-only, building up to 3D baroclinic simulations, aiming to replace POLCOMS • Tides-only simulations with M2 tidal-harmonic boundary forcing • Cotidal charts (solid contours show amplitude, dashed show phase)

23. Operational Sea surface Temperature and sea Ice Analysis • Daily 1/20° global analysis using optimal interpolation. • Near real time. • Using GHRSST-PP satellite (microwave & IR) and in situ data. • Persistence based analysis. • Includes satellite bias correction. • Analysis results available from www.ghrsst-pp.org O.I. Analysis

24. Data Delivery:The GODIVA2 Server • Reading e-Science Centre developing OGC compliant Geobrowsers for NCOF and other data • Interactively renders images from gridded NetCDF data. • Currently uses Google maps but moving to OpenLayers for OGC compliance and more general map projections • Likely to be adopted in MERSEA viewing service v2 • Can overlay data from different URLs in same image (eg. different Mersea/GODAE WMS compliant sites) • Moving towards DEWS http://lovejoy.nerc-essc.ac.uk:8080/Godiva2

25. Data Delivery:DEWS portal • The DEWS portal: • Provides quick pre-made views • Provides advanced views with user selection of data, time, location etc. • Produces time series and animations • OGC compliant

26. Data Delivery: Operational dissemination of data • Direct links to Royal Navy forecasters. • For commercial use, data is available from the Met Office’s Data and Products Distribution System (DPDS) at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/ncof/foam/dpds.html • DPDS is now being superceded by FTPOPS. Will be used in MyOceans. • Planned operational WMS at Met Office