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Anatomy and Biomechanics for Occupational Ergonomics

Anatomy and Biomechanics for Occupational Ergonomics. IE 665. Anatomical sites important for occupational ergonomics. Spine – Occupational back pain Upper extremity – CTDs in neck, shoulder and wrist Lower extremity – pain foot and ankle. Spine. Lordosis. Kyphosis. Spinal curves

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Anatomy and Biomechanics for Occupational Ergonomics

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  1. Anatomy and Biomechanicsfor Occupational Ergonomics IE 665

  2. Anatomical sites important for occupational ergonomics • Spine – Occupational back pain • Upper extremity – CTDs in neck, shoulder and wrist • Lower extremity – pain foot and ankle

  3. Spine Lordosis Kyphosis • Spinal curves • Spinal shrinkage and • Disc nutrition • No pain sensation in load bearing bodies • Micro-trauma of discs and cumulative load • Disc degeneration

  4. Upper Extremity Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals

  5. Shoulder Rotor cuff syndrome Tendonitis Bursitis Frozen shoulder

  6. Carpal tunnel

  7. Joints Ball and socket – Shoulder, Hip Hinge – Elbow, Knee Pivot – Between ulna and radius Fixed - Skull Bursa A small, flat, fluid filled sack protects ligaments from friction with bones Bursitis – inflamed bursa

  8. Biomechanics of posture All body segment is subjected to gravitational force When CG of a body segment is vertically aligned with a joint – joint tension or compression = weight of the body segment Due to postural changes, CG of the body segment moves away from the joint’s vertical alignment. This creates a moment around the joint. M = Force*Moment arm (perpendicular distance from the joint axis). This moment due to gravitational force is countered internally by the muscles to maintain the posture. To maintain the posture MR=MM MR= Moment due to external forces MM = Moment due to internal muscle forces

  9. Biomechanics of elbow joint

  10. Biomechanics of head and neck MR MM Head-neck – 7% of BW =0.07*150 = 10.5 lb Ratio of moment arm = 2:1 Muscle force = 21 lb Joint compressive force = 31.5 lb

  11. F 8” 2” 2” 2” R Biomechanics of spine Body weight = 200 lb R = Upper body wt = 200*0.65= 130 lb F=back muscle tension at (L5/S1) ? Spine compression at (L5/S1) ? For straight back: R*2=F*2 or, F =130 lb Total L5/S1 compression = R+F =260 lb For bent back: R*8=F*2, F= 130*8/2 =520 lb Total L5/S1 compression R+F =520+130 = 650 lb L5/S1 joint compression increased by 2.5 times and back muscle tension increased by 4 times from leaning forward

  12. Biomechanics of material handling

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