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Protozoans

Protozoans. Protozoan Groups. Apicomplexans. Amebas. Ciliates. Flagellates. Protozoan Taxonomy. Morphological taxonomy Phylum sarcomastigophora Subphylum mastigophora Flagellates Phytoflagellates Zooflagellates Subphylum sarcodinia Amoebas Foramiferans Radiolarians

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Protozoans

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  1. Protozoans

  2. Protozoan Groups Apicomplexans Amebas Ciliates Flagellates

  3. Protozoan Taxonomy Morphological taxonomy Phylum sarcomastigophora Subphylum mastigophora Flagellates Phytoflagellates Zooflagellates Subphylum sarcodinia Amoebas Foramiferans Radiolarians Phylum Ciliophora Ciliates Phylum Apicomplexa parasitic protozoa Spore forming protozoans Molecular taxonomy Indicate that morphological relationships are tenuous Divergence between phyla of protozoa as great as between kingdoms (ie animalia, fungi and plantae) Revisions are continuously occurring

  4. Newly Revised Protozoan Taxonomy • Phylum Chlorophyta • algae with chlorophyll • Phylum Retortamonada • no mitochondria • Phylum Euglenozoa • euglenoidea • kinetoplasta • Phylum Apicomplexa • Phylum Ciliophora • Phylum Dinoflagellata • Amebas

  5. Basis of Taxonomy Morphological traits Flagella Cilia Pseudopodia Shells (tests) Reproductive modes Sexual Asexual Spore formation Distinct reproductive cell forms Cyst formation Characteristic organelles Apical complex Kinetoplast Presence/Absence of mitochondria Presence/absence of chloroplast Trophism Heterotrophic Autotrophic

  6. Flagella & Cilia

  7. Fig. 11.6b

  8. Pseudopodial Movement

  9. Amoeba • Amoeboid movement • Pseudopodial extension • Phagocytosis • Engulfment of large particles

  10. Contractile Vacuoles • Osmotic regulation • Remove excess metabolic H2O, and HCO3 • Remove H2O that enters by osmosis

  11. Feeding

  12. Examples of Binary Fission – Asexual Reproduction

  13. Sexual Reproduction • Conjugation • Meiotic nuclear division • Transfer of portion of genome between partners • Sporogomy • Formation of sporozoites • Formation of gametocytes from sporozoites • Fusion of gametocytes to form new generation of sporozoite • Gametocytes and sporozoites are present in separate hosts

  14. Cyst Formation

  15. Euglenozoa • A phytoflagellate • Autotrophic • Opportunistic heterotroph

  16. Free Living Flagellates Pandorina colony

  17. Colonial Flagellates Volvox colony

  18. Cell Specialization in the Colonial Volvacae

  19. Examples of Sarcodinians

  20. Foraminiferan Tests

  21. Radiolarian Undergoing Binary Fission

  22. Dinoflagellates

  23. Flagellates • Parasitic examples • Cyst formers

  24. Intracellular Parasitic Flagellates

  25. Parasitic Kinetoplastids • Phylum Euglenozoa • Subphylum Kinetoplasta • Class Trypanosomatidea • Trypanosoma spp • Leishmania spp

  26. Trypanosomiasis • African sleeping sickness – Eastern hemisphere • Trypanosoma brucei • Vector – Tsetse Fly - Glossina spp Immages from links at http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite

  27. Trypanosomiasis • Chaga’s disease – Western hemisphere • Trypanosoma cruzi • Vector – assassin bug – Rhodnius spp, Panstrongylus spp and Triatoma spp

  28. Life Cycle of Trypanosoma • http://www.genomics.liv.ac.uk/tryps/trypsmovie.html

  29. Leishmaniasis • Leishmania spp • Vector – sandfly – OW Phlebotomus spp, NW Lutzomyia, Brumptomyia • Similar protozoan to Trypanosoma sp • Cutaneous and visceral forms of disease

  30. Life Cycle of Leishmania

  31. Apical Organelles of the Apicomplexans

  32. Life Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum

  33. A Ciliate – Parmecium sp

  34. Reproduction in Ciliates – Sexual and Asexual Fission = asexual

  35. Conjugation

  36. Conjugation

  37. Conjugation

  38. Reproduction in Ciliates Conjugation Fission

  39. Some other Ciliates

  40. Symbiotic Relationships • Host • Symbiont • Relationship • Parasitism • Commensalism • Mutualism

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