Protists: Protozoans

1. Protists: Protozoans Lab Biology

2. Characteristics of Protists • Eukaryotic,most are unicellular, some are multicellular • Many are microscopic but some can grow up to 1- 70 meters in length • Most need oxygen to survive but some are poisoned by it

3. Characteristics of Protists • Protists may be either autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic)-make their own food, or heterotrophic -ingest other organisms to live • Protists may go through either asexual or sexual reproduction, or both

4. Heterotrophic Protozoans • Protozoans- means first animals • Protozoans spend most of their lives as unicellular organisms; some, such as slime molds, gather into groups at some times in their life cycle • Protozoans may be predators, decomposers, or parasites • Protozoans are classified by the way they move

5. Phylum Zoomastigina • Representatives of this phyla are the flagellates • Do not get these confused with the dinoflagellates • The example here is Trichonympha

6. Phylum Zoomastigina • Move with whip-like structures calledflagella • Absorb food through their cell membranes • Live in ponds and streams, where they feed off of dead and decaying matter, some live within the bodies of animals,

7. Phylum Zoomastigina • ie Termites/ Trichonympha • symbiosis- flagellates live in the guts of termites and help digest the cellulose in the wood the termites are eating

8. Phylum Zoomastigina • Parasitic flagellate- Trypanosoma causing African sleeping sickness • Flagellates reproduce asexually, but many also have a sexual life cycle phase

9. Phylum Sarcodina • Move by pushing out temporary projections of cytoplasm- called pseudopodia- “false feet”; cytoplasm streams into the pseudopod and the rest of the cell follows, also use these pseudopods to take in food particles

10. Phylum Sarcodina • Species Ex. Amebas- lack a definite shape- the Greek word amoeba means “change” • Species Ex. Foraminiferans- have produced huge deposits of microscopic shellson the warmer regions of the ocean floor

11. Phylum Sarcodina • Species Ex. Heliozoans- “sun animals” produce shells of silica (SiO2) the substance used to form glass

12. Phylum Sporozoa • Allareparasites • Reproduce by forming small, single-celled structures-spores that give the phylum its name, through these spores sporozoans pass from one host to the next • Infect fish, worms, insects, birds, and humans

13. Phylum Sporozoa • Cause Malaria- one of the most serious diseases on Earth

14. Phylum Ciliophora • Move using cilia- short, hair-like projections that are similar to flagella; coordinated beating of cilia pulls the ciliate quickly through the water- like hundreds of oars pulled in boats

15. Phylum Ciliophora • Species Ex. Paramecium- common in freshwater ponds, possess a contractile vacuole that expels water that diffuses into the Paramecium by osmosis; also possess a gullet- for taking in food particles that are processed into food vacuoles, waste products are excreted through the anal pore,

16. Phylum Ciliophora • the Paramecium has two kinds of nuclei-micronucleus and macronucleus

17. Protist Diseases • There are many protists that live as parasites, some of which infect humans • All protist parasites are protozoans

18. Giardiasis • Giardiasis is caused by the parasitic protist Giardia • Disease is contracted through infected water • Symptoms are abdominal cramps and diarrhea

19. Trypanosomiasis • Trypanosomes belong to the phylum Zoomastigina • They cause African Sleeping sickness • The vector is the tse tse fly

20. Malaria • Malaria is a very prevalent disease in many parts of the world • The vector is the Anopheles mosquito

21. Chagas disease • This disease is also caused by the genus Trypanosoma, as sleeping sickness is, however, it is a different species • This protist infects the nervous system and the heart

22. Amoebiasis • Amebic dysentery is contracted through contaminated water • It is caused by a parasitic amoeba, symptoms are abdominal cramps and diarrhea • The disease causing agent is Entamoeba histolytica

23. Leishmaniasis • The symptoms range from disfiguring cutaneous lesions to visceral disease affecting the liver • The genus is Leishmania

24. Cryptosporidiosis • In most patients infected with cryptosporidiosis the infection causes a short term, mild diarrhea • The disease is caused by Cryptosporidium and is contracted through agriculutural runoff

25. Toxoplasmosis • This disease is present in cats and can be contracted through accidental ingestion of cat feces, this is different than cat scratch fever, which is caused by bacteria • You may feel like you have the flu

26. Trichomoniasis • Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that affects both women and men, although symptoms are more common in women

27. Autotrophic Protists- unicellular algae • Protists that contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis • Commonly called algae

28. 4 phylums of algae • Euglenophyta- two flagella and no cell wall

29. Phylum Chrysophytes • Yellow green and golden brown algae- • Have gold colored chlorplasts

30. Phylum Bacillariophyta • Diatoms- • Silicon rich cell wall

31. Phylum Pyrrophyta • Dino- flagellates • Half are autotrophs • Half are heterotrophs • Most are luminescent

32. bioluminescent bay

33. Multicellular algae • Red algae ph rhodophyta • Live at great depths can absorb blue light which penetrates deeply into the oceans

34. Brown algae phylum Phaeophyta • Contain brown pigment called fucoxanthin

35. Green algae • Most like land plants • Reproduction special • Alternates between a diploid and a haploid generation

36. Life cycle

37. Fungus like protists • Slime molds • Heterotrophs • Have centrioles • Lack cell walls of true fungi

38. Slime mold reproduction • Live as unicellular organisms much of life but for part of life join together and act as a multicellular organism

39. Water molds • Caused the potato famine in Ireland • Potato native S.A. • Brought to Ireland • major food crop in 1840

40. Human uses of protists • Carrageen • Lecithin • Alginate • Beta carotene • Make food creamier, polish teeth

41. The End! Thank you for your attention!