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. Anger need not be a negative expression.Anger is a normal human emotion that, when handled appropriately and expressed assertively, can provide an individual with a positive force to solve problems and make decisions concerning life situations.Anger becomes a problem when it is not expressed and
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1. Anger/Aggression Management Nursing 202
2. Anger need not be a negative expression.
Anger is a normal human emotion that, when handled appropriately and expressed assertively, can provide an individual with a positive force to solve problems and make decisions concerning life situations.
Anger becomes a problem when it is not expressed and when it is expressed aggressively.
3. Anger * Anger is an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage.
Anger causes physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of biogenic amines.
Anger is
Not a primary emotion; learned
Typically experienced as an automatic inner response to hurt, frustration, or fear
A physiological arousal, instilling feelings of power and generating preparedness
Significantly different from aggression
Capable of being under personal control
Anger has positive and negative functions
4. Aggression
Is one way that individuals express anger
Is a behavior that is intended to threaten or injure the victims security or self-esteem
Can cause damage with words, fists, or weapons, but it is virtually always designed to punish.
5. Predisposing Factors to Anger and Aggression Role-modeling is one of the strongest forms of learning.
Role models can be positive or negative.
Earliest role models are the primary caregivers.
As the child matures, role models can be celebrities or any other influential individual in the childs life.
6. Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning occurs when a specific behavior is positively or negatively reinforced.
A positive reinforcement is a response to the specific behavior that is pleasurable or produces the desired results.
A negative reinforcement is a response to the specific behavior that prevents an undesirable result from occurring.
Anger and aggression can be learned through operant conditioning.
7. Neurophysiological Disorders
Several disorders of, or conditions within, the brain have been implicated in episodic aggression and violent behavior. They include
Temporal or frontal lobe epilepsy
Brain tumors
Brain trauma
Encephalitis
8. Aggressive behavior may have some correlation to alterations in brain chemicals. These include
Hormonal dysfunctionassociated with hyperthyroidism
Alterations in the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin; these chemicals may play a role in facilitation or inhibition of aggression.
9. Socioeconomic Factors
High rates of violence exist within the subculture of poverty in the United States.
Poverty is thought to encourage aggression because of the associated deprivation,
disruption of families, and unemployment.
10. Environmental Factors
Several environmental factors have been associated with an increase in aggressive behavior. They include
Physical crowding of people
Discomfort associated with a moderate increase in environmental temperature
Use of alcohol and some other drugs, particularly cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, and minor tranquilizers/sedatives
Availability of firearms
11. Characteristics of anger Anger can be identified by a cluster or characteristics that include Frowning Clenched fists Low-pitched words forced through clenched teeth Yelling and shouting