THE NATION BREAKING APART Ch. 15

4. THE NATION BREAKING APARTCh. 15

5. Growing Tensions Between North and South

6. Northern Economy Based on Industry and Commerce Growth of Northern Cities Eastern and Midwestern states develop strong ties Southern Economy Based on Plantation System Few wealthy planters controlled Southern Society Planters relied on exports for profit South had little industry North and South Take Different Paths

7. Controversy over Territories • California wants to come into US as a FREE state • Would disrupt the balance of power between slave and free states in Congress • Southerners wanted to divide the state into 2 halves

8. Proposed by Henry Clay 2 Main Terms… Compromise of 1850

9. Compromise of 1850 • California admitted as FREE state • slave trade is abolished in Washington, D.C. Pleases North • Congress would not pass laws regarding slavery for rest of territories won from Mexico • pass stronger law to help slave owners recapture runaway slaves Pleases South

11. Helped slave owners recapture runaway slaves People accused could be held without arrest warrant No right to jury trial Required Northerners to help recapture runaway slaves Sometimes free African Americans were captured Fines and jail for those who did not cooperate, helped slaves escape Fugitive Slave Act

13. www.todaysmeet.com/jefferson55 • Moral Choice…. Do I obey the law and support slavery, Or Do I break the law and oppose slavery?WHY?????????

14. Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Portrayed the moral issues of slavery Book centers on main character’s life under three owners Uncle Tom’s Cabin

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act (Notes) Background info: • Stephen Douglass drafted a bill to organize Nebraska territory into two territories – Nebraska and Kansas • Suggested decision of slavery should be decided by Popular Sovereignty

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Popular Sovereignty • System where the residents vote to decide an issue (in this case they are voting on slavery) • If passed, would get ride of Missouri Compromise by allowing people to vote for slavery where it had been banned • Passed in Congress and became law

18. “Bleeding Kansas” (Notes) • Fire-eaters: Those that were “Pro-slavery” • Jayhawkers: Those that were “Anti-slavery”

19. “Bleeding Kansas” • Proslavery and antislavery settlers flood into Kansas territory to vote on issue of slavery • 5,000 Missourians came over and voted illegally • New Kansas legislature was now packed with proslavery representatives • Antislavery settlers boycotted new government • Settlers on both sides get violent

20. Proslavery mob attacks Lawrence, Kansas Abolitionist John Brown seeks to avenge the “Sack of Lawrence” Goes to cabins of proslavery neighbors and murders 5 people. Civil War breaks out in Kansas “Bleeding Kansas”

21. “Bleeding Kansas”

22. Created by split of Whig Party Northern: against the K-N Act Southern: for K-N Act Republicans gain strength in the North Republican Party Forms

23. Election of 1856

24. Election of 1856 • James Buchanan Wins!

25. Scott was a slave in Missouri Owner had taken him to live in territories where slavery was illegal Owner dies and Scott sues for his freedom The Case of Dred Scott

26. Dred Scott v. Sandford • Case reaches Supreme Court • Said Dred Scott was a slave, not a citizen, so he could not sue in U.S. courts • Also rules that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories • This would violate slaveholders’ 5th Amendment property rights • Huge setback for abolitionist movement!!

27. Dred Scott v. Sandford “The language of the Declaration of Independence is equally Conclusive: ... We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among them is life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. 

28. Dred Scott v. Sandford The general words above quoted would seem to embrace the whole human family, and if they were used in a similar instrument at this day would be so understood. But it is too clear for dispute, that the enslaved African race were not intended to be included, and formed no part of the people who framed and adopted this declaration…..

29. Dred Scott v. Sandford …Yet the men who framed this declaration were great men -- high in literary acquirements -- high in their sense of honor, and incapable of asserting principles inconsistent with those on which they were acting. They perfectly understood the meaning of the language they used, and how it would be understood by others; and they knew that it would not in any part of the civilized world be supposed to embrace the negro race”

30. Lincoln Slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong. Douglass Argued that popular sovereignty was the best way to address slavery Lincoln-Douglass Debates

31. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved-I do not expect the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” -Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois, June16, 1858

32. Brown wants to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom Planned to capture weapons arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry

33. John Brown Attacks Harpers Ferry • Kills 4 people in the raid • Sends word to rally and arm local slaves • But no slaves join the fight!! • Brown and his men captured and executed • Abolitionists tolled bells and fired guns in salute

34. “Bleeding Kansas”

35. Lincoln’s Election and Southern Secession Ch. 15-4

36. Election of 1860

37. Southern States Secede • Lincoln had said he would do nothing to abolish slavery • Southerners did not trust him • Saw Republican victory as a threat to the Southern way of life • Warned if Lincoln won, the Southern states would secede, or withdrawal from the Union

38. Southern States Secede • South Carolina secedes first • Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas • Formed the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy

39. Efforts to Compromise Fail • Efforts for Compromise fail • Lincoln assured South again he would not abolish slavery • Lincoln stated he would not invade the South, but he would not abandon the Union’s property there • Would need to supply several forts in the South, including Fort Sumter, S. Carolina…

40. Critical Thinking States’ Rights – theory that states had the right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitutional law • Do you think the Southern states seceded to protect slavery or states’ rights?? • Defend your answer