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REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS – PART 1 Xynthia Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic Basin Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific Basin Typhoons Cyclones. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA.
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REMEMBERING 2O10’S SEVERE WINDSTORMS – PART 1XynthiaTropical Storms and Hurricanes: Atlantic BasinTropical Storms and Hurricanes: Pacific BasinTyphoonsCyclones Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND FIELD (COUNTER CLOCKWISE OR CLOCKWISE DIRECTION; CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5 (155 mph or greater) • STORM SURGE • HEAVY PRECIPITATION • LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) • COSTAL EROSION • TORNADOES (SOMETIMES)
CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE SEVERE WINDSTORMS IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
Rain, floods, landslides, and water-borne diseases are typical after a tropical storm, hurricane, typhoon, or cyclone.
HAZARD MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREVENTION/MITIGATION • PREPAREDNESS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK SEVERE WINDSTORM RISK REDUCTION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION COMMUNITY HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
IMPACTED NATIONS WesternEurope (France, Portugal, Spain), Caribbean (Haiti, Dominican Republic, Bermuda, Jamaica, Antigua, Montserrat, St. Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla, St. Maarten, St. Martin, Saint Lucia, Atlantic Canada, …
IMPACTED NATIONS (Continued) St Barthelemy, Saba, and St Eustatius, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands), Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras), Cuba, …
IMPACTED NATIONS (Continued) Mexico, USA (Texas, East Coast), The Philippines, Taiwan, China, …
High winds, storm surges, heavy rains, landslides affected millions. Hundreds of thousands of homes without power, damaged, destroyed, or inundated. Hundreds of thousands evacuated. Lives and livelihoods of millions impacted. Gulf oil leak and Clean up slowed SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010
Infrastructure damaged and destroyed. Oil and gas platforms impacted. $ billions in insured and uninsured economic losses. SOCIETAL IMPACTS DURING 2010 (Continued)
WINDSTORM XYNTHIA FEBRUARY 26-28, 2010
WHAT WAS XYNTHIA?Xynthia,a violent European windstorm with winds up to 140km/hr, crossed Western Europe on 26–28 February 2010, and was the most violent storm since “Lothar” and “Martin” in December 1999
Apowerful storm surge with waves up to 7.5 m (25 ft) high hit at high tide and smashed through a 200-year-old sea wall off France’s coastal town of L’Aiquillon-Sur-Mer
Xynthia: 1) caused flooding, 2) cut power to more than 1 million homes in France and Portugal, respectively, 3) disrupted travel in Spain, 4) tore roofs off houses, 5) downed trees, 6) caused at least 51 deaths, and 7) caused losses estimated at $1.8 B ($1.4 insured).
The 2010 season was predicted to be less severe than 2009 in the Pacific Basin and more severe in the Atlantic Basin because of the diminished El Nino conditions
The Eastern Pacific is, on average, the second-most active basin in the world with an average of 16 tropical storms annually, with 9 becoming hurricanes, and 4 becoming major hurricanes, frequently impacting mainland Mexico and the Revillagigedo Islands, and infrequently the USA.
AGATHA BLAS CELIA (H) DARBY (H) ESTELLE FRANK (H) … PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS – HURRICANES: 2010
BLAS’ PATH: JUNE 21 • AGATHA • BLAS • CELIA • DARBY • FRANK
CELIA’S PATH: JUNE 29 • AGATHA • BLAS • CELIA • DARBY • FRANK
DARBY’S PATH:JUNE 29 • AGATHA • BLAS • CELIA • DARBY • FRANK
FRANK’S PATH: AUGUST 29 • AGATHA • BLAS • CELIA • DARBY • FRANK
TROPICAL STORM AGATHA STRIKES GUATEMALA SHORTLY AFTER PACAVA ERUPTS FIRST STORM OF PACIFIC SEASON FOLLOWS VOLCANIC ERUPTION MAY 27-29, 2010
Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak, but catastrophic storm that made landfall near the Guatemala-Mexico border on the evening of May 29.
Before the arrival of Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacava volcano, located 25 km south of Guatemala City, started spewing lava and ash on Friday, May 28th, forcing the evacuation of hundreds.
Agatha produced torrential rain all across Central America, which resulted in the death of one person in Nicaragua. 152 in Guatemala (with another 100 missing because of landslides), and 13 in El Salvador.
Sam Bonis, a geologist from Dartmouth, said that Guatemala City is sitting on a bed of old volcanic ash that has not completely lithified (turned into solid rock), and that he believed that the sinkhole was caused by leaking pipes underground.
Remnants of the storm were expected to deliver 10 to 20 in (25 to 50 cm) of rain over southeastern Mexico, Guatemala and parts of El Salvador, creating the possibility of "life-threatening flash floods and mudslides.”
SUPER TYPHOON MEGI (MEANS “CATFISH” IN KOREAN) STRIKES THE PHILIPPINES THEN TAIWAN AND CHINAOCT 18-25, 2010OCTOBER 22 OCTOBER 18, 2010
Megi, known locally as Juan, was a category 5 super typhoon, the highest rating, with winds of more than 250 kph and a diameter of over 600 km when it made landfall at Sierra Madre’s Estagno Point in Isabela at 11:25 a.m. on Monday.
Megi tore roofs off houses, destroyed rice crops, toppled trees, ripped down power lines, triggered landslides in the mountains and whipped up huge waves. .
