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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter in 8th Grade Science

Learn about the different properties of matter, including physical and chemical properties, observable physical properties, and measurable properties. Explore the states of matter and how temperature changes can cause matter to undergo transformations.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter in 8th Grade Science

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  1. Matter Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter 8th Grade Science

  2. Warm-Up: Wednesday, September 3rd Q). In the following picture, name something that is matter and something that is not matter. EXPLAIN WHY

  3. Review: What is Matter? • Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). • Examples of matter:

  4. Matter Volume – The amount of space something occupies Mass- The amount of matter in something

  5. Matter • Matter can be described by using physical and chemicalproperties. • These are characteristics that matter has that make it unique.

  6. Property = Characteristic *We use properties to describecharacteristics/qualities about matter • What properties would you use to describe a football?

  7. Physical Properties • Physical Properties: Are properties that can be observed or measured. (color, mass, length, volume, density, state, etc). • Physical properties DO NOT change the identity of the substance • Meaning when you observe or measure a substance, you do not change the substance into something else.

  8. ObservablePhysical Properties • Observable Physical Properties: Properties you can use your senses to get information about an object. • If you can describe the matter based on what it looks, feels, smells or tastes like, you are describing the physical properties.

  9. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 1).Malleability: the ability of a substance to be pounded into thin sheets.

  10. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 2). Color: The color of object can be seen and is a physical property of matter. • Color can help identify a substance. For example, sulfur is usually yellow in color, iodine is usually red in color. Iodine Sulfur

  11. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 3). Luster: Describes how a substance reflects light.

  12. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 4). Texture: The feel of a surface.

  13. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 5). Magnetism: an attractive force between ions.

  14. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 6). Smell: The smell or odor an object gives off can also help identify a substance. • For example, sulfur has a rotten egg smell, vinegar has a very acidic smell, and chlorine has a very strong bleach smell.

  15. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 7). Conduction of heat orelectricity: The ability for heat and electricity to pass through an object easily. • Metals are usually the best conductors of heat and electricity.

  16. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 8).Insulator of electricity or heat: when an object passes heat and electricity poorly. • Nonmetals are usually good insulators.

  17. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 9). Ductility: the ability to be drawn or pulled into a wire. • Metals usually are ductile.

  18. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 10). Solubility: The ability to dissolve in another substance. • Examples: sugar dissolves in water.

  19. Examples of: ObservablePhysical Properties 11). State of Matter: Matter can either be a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. We observe this by using our senses.

  20. STATES OF MATTER State of matter is a physical property!!!! • MATTER CAN BE FOUND IN 4 STATES (PHASES) • SOLID • LIQUID • GAS • PLASMA http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/

  21. PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property) Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER Movement: VIBRATE Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME

  22. In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO: • THE OBJECT IS HARDER • THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO BREAK THEM APART • THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID

  23. The particles in a LIQUID: Pattern: none Movement: atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid. Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of container Volume: Fixed

  24. The particles in a GAS: Pattern: none Movement: PARTICLESMOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET Shape: NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container Volume: No fixed volume

  25. The particles in PLASMA: Pattern: none Movement: Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOT Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUME Facts: Most common state of matter in the universe. Most Uncommon state of matter on Earth. Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and stars (Sun)

  26. What causes matter to move through changes? Temperature changes!

  27. 20 Questions

  28. Warm-Up: Thursday, September 4th Q). What did I have for dinner? On the lines to the left of your question box. Write down the 10 observable physical properties that describe one of the foods you ate for dinner and the answer in ALL CAPS.

  29. MeasurableProperties of Matter • MeasurableProperties: Properties that must be measured with a tool (ruler, beaker, graduated cylinder, scale, etc.). Ruler Beaker Scale Triple Beam Balance Graduated Cylinder

  30. MeasurableProperties of Matter 1). Mass: is the amount of matter that something is made of. • Calculate: Using a triple beam balance or a scale. • Unit: in science ALWAYS use grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

  31. MeasurableProperties of Matter 2). Weight: is the amount gravity is pulling on an object. Different on the MOON!!! Other wise it is measured the same as MASS!! On earth, we just weigh you to calculate!

  32. MeasurableProperties of Matter 3). Volume:the amount of space an object takes up. • Measured by: different for regular solid, irregular solid and liquids. • Examples of Regular Solids: any solid you can measure the length, width and height of. • Examples of Irregular Solids: any solid you cannot measure the length, width and height of. • Examples of Liquids: any object that has no definite shape but does have a definite volume.

  33. MeasurableProperties of Matter • Measuring Volume of Regular Solids: measure the length, width and height with ruler and multiply them together. • Length X Width X Height = Volume of Regular Solid cm X cm X cm = cm3 • *ALWAYS USE CENTIMETERS IN SCIENCE!!!! • UNIT: cm3

  34. MeasurableProperties of Matter • Measuring Volume of Irregular Solids: Water displacement. Put water into a graduated cylinder and record volume. Place irregular solid into cylinder with water and record second volume. Subtract the two amounts. • Initial volume (water only) – volume with irregular solid = volume of solid • UNIT: measured in mL but, since it is a solid use cm3. 1 mL = 1 cm3

  35. MeasurableProperties of Matter Water Displacement

  36. Measuring the Volume of Liquids: How to calculate: Use a graduate cylinder to find the volume at the meniscus. Material: graduated cylinder, beaker, flask How to read a graduated cylinder • Must be at eye level to read. • Must read to bottom of the curve.MENISCUS - bottom of the curve. • Unit: mL or L

  37. MeasurableProperties of Matter 4). Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold a substance is. • Calculate – Use a thermometer • Unit – degrees Fahrenheit/ Celsius (in USA we use F)

  38. 5). Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water (H2O) = 100o C (212o F) • Calculate – Use a thermometer

  39. 6). Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F) • Calculate – Use a thermometer

  40. 7). Freezing Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a Solid at a given pressure water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

  41. 8) Specific heat - How much energy it takes to increase the temperature 1 degrees. • Calculate – special thermometer • Units: joules per kilogram kelvin • A high specific hear means it takes a LOT of energy/heat to change the temperature of the substance.

  42. MeasurableProperties of Matter 9). Density: the amount of matter in a given space or volume. Density is used to describe matter because everything has a different density.

  43. Measurable Properties of Matter • Measure by: dividing and objects mass by it’s volume. • Calculate: Density = Mass/Volume m D = ------- V • Mass divided by Volume • UNIT: since mass is measured in grams and volume is measured in cm3 or mL the unit for density has to have those two units. • So, the unit for density is g/mL or g/cm3. m D V

  44. DENSITY OF WATER!!!!! • The density of water is ALWAYS 1.0 g/mL. • Anything less than 1.0 g/mL will FLOAT. • Anything greater than 1.0 g/mL will sink.

  45. Practice • Calculate the density for the following • objects: • Mass= 10 Volume= 5 • b.Mass= 16 Volume= 8 • c.Mass= 5 Volume= 10 • d.Mass= 12 Volume= 12 • Which object is water? Which object will • float in water? Which objects will sink in • water? 2g/ml sinker 2g/cm3 sinker 0.5g/ml floater 1g/cm3 water

  46. Warm-Up: Friday, September 5th Q). When the ice melts in a glass of ice water, will the volume increase, decrease, or stay the same? EXPLAIN

  47. Why are some objects less dense than other objects? As the molecules of a substance spread apart, the density of the substance is lowered.

  48. What causes molecules to spread? Adding energy (usually in the form of heat) so the movement of the molecules increases.

  49. Objects float in other substances because they are less dense than the substance they are floating in. Why does ice float in water? They are both the same substance, right?

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