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Nomenclature (aka naming)

Nomenclature (aka naming). Why name a compound?. Well, for one thing, so you don’t end up with a recipe like this:

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Nomenclature (aka naming)

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  1. Nomenclature (aka naming)

  2. Why name a compound? Well, for one thing, so you don’t end up with a recipe like this: Ingredients: 1. 532.35 cm3 gluten2. 4.9 cm3 NaHCO33. 4.9 cm3 refined halite4. 236.6 cm3 partially hydrogenated tallow triglyceride5. 177.45 cm3 crystalline C12H22O116. 177.45 cm3 unrefined C12H22O117. 4.9 cm3 methyl ether of protocatechuic aldehyde8. Two calcium carbonate-encapsulated avain albumen-coated protein9. 473.2 cm3 theobroma cacao10. 236.6 cm3 de-encapsulated legume meats (sieve size #10)

  3. Why name a compound? What are you putting on your head, anyway?

  4. Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ion: a group of atoms all covalently bonded together that have an overall charge. Example: carbonate = CO32- This is NOT a +4 carbon and three -2 oxygens; they are bonded into one group, move together as a group, and frequently react together as a group. Structure: O C – O O –

  5. Polyatomic Ions Common polyatomic ions (memorize these, including charge): Chlorate: ClO3- Hydroxide: OH- Nitrate: NO3- Carbonate: CO32- Sulfate: SO42- Phosphate: PO43- Ammonium: NH4+

  6. How to Name a Compound • Write down the name of the first element. • Leave some space, and write down the name of the second element, changing the ending to “-ide”. (if either the first or second thing is a polyatomic ion instead of a single element, use the name of the group instead) Examples: H2S hydrogen sulfide Na2SO4 sodium sulfate NH4Cl ammonium chloride FeCl2 iron chloride

  7. How to Name a Compound Most important question: Is it IONIC? (again, the compound type, not the Greek pillar) NO Will be adding prefixes to name YES May be adding charge to name

  8. Covalent Compounds Add prefixes that say how many of each element there are: 1 = mono 2 = di 3= tri 4 = tetra 5= penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca Two exceptions: *The last vowel of the prefix is dropped if it sounds funny with the beginning of the element name. * If the first element would be “mono”, the prefix is dropped. H2S dihydrogen monosulfide CO2 carbon dioxide P2O5 diphophorous tetroxide

  9. Ionic Compounds Question number 2: Is the metal one of the ones with a predictable charge? YES  you’re done Na2SO4 sodium sulfate AlCl3 aluminum chloride MgO magnesium oxide NO  Add the charge of the metal in roman numerals after the metal name. FeCl2 iron(II) chloride SnO2 tin(IV) oxide Ag2SO4 silver(I) sulfate

  10. Why Add the Charge? Based on charge, there is only one combination of sodium and oxygen: Na2O = sodium oxide But iron can have different charges: FeCl2 = iron chloride FeCl3 = also iron chloride? So there's no need to clarify for sodium, but there is for iron.

  11. All Together Now Name of first element name of second element (ending with -ide)* 1. Is it ionic ? No Yes Add prefixes. 2. Does the metal have a predictable charge? No Yes Use formula to work out charge on each metal atom. Add charge in parentheses after metal name, using Roman numerals. You're done!

  12. Examples Na2S = sodium sulfide Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate Al2O3 = aluminum oxide C2H6 = dicarbon hexahydride C3H8 = tricarbon octahydride P2O5 = diphosphorous pentoxide FeCO3 = iron(II) carbonate CuS = copper(II) sulfide Cu2S = copper(I) sulfide Cu2SO4 = copper(I) sulfate

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