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Fish Effects Five-year Plan

Fish Effects Five-year Plan. Chinook Salmon. Outline. Management and Regulatory Context RMP objectives Specific questions for the next five years Highlights of SF Bay/Delta fish effects work Priorities. Management Context. Herring. SF Bay is critical habitat for:

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Fish Effects Five-year Plan

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  1. Fish EffectsFive-year Plan Chinook Salmon

  2. Outline • Management and Regulatory Context • RMP objectives • Specific questions for the next five years • Highlights of SF Bay/Delta fish effects work • Priorities

  3. Management Context Herring • SF Bay is critical habitat for: • Estuarine fish (e.g., Delta smelt) • Marine fish (e.g., herring & anchovies) • Anadromous fish (e.g., Chinook salmon, steelhead, sturgeon) • 9 endangered species reside in Bay Delta Smelt

  4. Management Context • Many SF Bay fish are in decline: Source: CDFG and Delta Smelt Action Plan (2005) Shiner surfperch

  5. ManagementContext • Reasons for decline are unclear: • Water diversions • Invasive species • Loss of habitat • Contaminants Delta Smelt near screen Invasive asian clam Invasive cyclopoid copepod

  6. Regulatory Context • Few fish effect standards/guidelines exist • NOAA 1 ppm PAH threshold for sediments

  7. Regulatory Context Delta smelt • Few fish effect standards exist • Basin Plan narrative objective: • All waters shall be maintained free of toxic substances in concentrations that are lethal to or that produce other detrimental responses in aquatic organisms. Detrimental responses include, but are not limited to, decreased growth rate and decreased reproductive success of resident or indicator species. Chinook salmon in Santa Clara Valley watershed

  8. RMP Objectives and Management Questions • 4.0 Characterize ecological and human health risks due to pollution of the Estuary ecosystem • 4.1 Which chemicals pose ecological and human health risks and should be monitored? • 4.2 What ecological and human health risks exist due to Bay pollution? • 4.3 Are management actions effective in reducing ecological and human health risks due to Bay pollution • 4.4 What are the most cost-effective indicators of ecological and human health risks to support decision-making

  9. Specific Questions for the Next 5 Years • Are pollutants, individually or in combination, reducing viability of fish populations? Selenium & splittail Source: Dr. Teh UC-Davis Source: Dr. David Ostrach of UC-Davis

  10. Specific Questions • Are pollutants, individually or in combination reducing viability of fish populations? • What are appropriate thresholds for PAHs in sediments to protect fish? English sole

  11. Specific Questions • Are pollutants, individually or in combination reducing viability of fish populations? • What are appropriate thresholds for contaminants in sediments? • What are cost-effective indicators for monitoring fish effects? English sole

  12. Previous Fish Effects Work • Relatively few marine fish effects studies • At PAH and PCB contaminated sites in Bay (Spies and Rice 1988), Starry flounder had: • Higher incidence of AHH • Poorer egg survival, decreased fertilization, and decreased embryo success

  13. Previous Fish Effects Work • Field study of SF bay fish and reference site • Increase in liver lesions in SF Bay fish correlated to higher PCB, PAH, and pesticide concentration Source: Stehr et al. 1997 Ecotoxicology 6, 35-65

  14. RMP Fish Effects Work • RMP-funded work • Myers et al. 2002 • Significant increase in liver lesions in white croaker; difficult to correlate to contaminants to effects • Spies et al. 2006 • Study of effect of contaminants on growth, fitness and reproduction of shiner surfperch. • Skewed sex ratio; few histopathological effects; EROD somewhat ambiguous • Kelley et al. on-going • Evaluation of hormones/contaminants in shiner surfperch/staghorn sculpin

  15. Endocrine Disruption in SF Fish Shiner surfperch Pacific staghorn sculpin Source: K. Kelley CSU-LB

  16. Priorities for Fish Effects • Link current effects work to population-level evaluations • Identify fish effects • Identify suitable biomarkers of effects • Apply models to translate individual effects to population-level effects

  17. Priorities for Fish Effects • High priority pollutants • PAHs • PCBs • Endocrine disruptors • Others? • Lower priority pollutants • Legacy pesticides • Trace metals • Others?

  18. Priorities for Fish Effects • Evaluate thresholds for decision-making in the Bay • PAH threshold • Implement use of fish effect indicators in S&T triennial sportfish monitoring • Liver lesions • Gonad histopathology • Incidence of parasites • Others?

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