Unit 7

1. Unit 7 Support PPT for Sadlier-Oxford’s Vocabulary Workshop Level C

2. WORD ATTACK!!! Photo credit: www.filmofilia.com

3. Roots you will encounter in this unit: • -doct- (Latin) meaning learned, skilled (related to teachings) • doctrine • exo- (Greek combining form) meaning outer, outside • exotic • -junct- (Latin) meaning join • juncture • -trib- (Latin) meaning assign, classify; pay, bestow • attribute

4. Prefixes you will encounter in this unit: • at- (Latin) meaning attend • attribute • be- (ME) meaning to make, cause to become • belittle • ex- (Latin) meaning out • excise • con- (Latin) meaning together, with • convey • un- (OE) meaning not • unassuming

5. Adjective-forming suffixes you will encounter in this unit: • -al (Latin) meaning that which; characterized by • menial • -ic (Greek) meaning having some characteristics of • exotic • -ory (Latin) used to form Latin nouns and verbs into adjectives • predatory • -y (OE)meaning characterized by • jaunty

6. Verb-forming suffixes you will encounter in this unit: • -le (Middle English) used with actions that have a repeating quality • belittle • -ise (Latin) to render, make; to convert into • excise

7. acme (noun) the highest point • The acme of Mr. Filbert’s career came when he was named “Man of the Year” by the Tucson Chamber of Commerce. SYNONYM:summit, top, peak, pinnacle ANTONYM: low point, bottom, nadir Ah, the irony!!! Photo source: www.chroniclebooks.com

8. attribute • MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! PAY ATTENTION TO THE PRONUNCIATION!!! • (noun) [a-truh-byoot]upbringing, training, rearing • For anyone who plans to pursue a career as a radio announcer, a clear speaking voice is an essential attribute. • (v.) [uh-trib-yoot] to bring up, care for, train, nourish • John attributes his keen interest in the sea to his being a descendent of the great naval hero John Paul Jones. SYNONYM: (v.)raise, rear, foster ANTONYM: (v.)neglect, ignore, discourage, hinder WORD ATTACK!! • at- (Latin) meaning attend • -trib- (Latin) meaning assign, classify; pay, bestow WORD FAMILIES!! • attribution tribute contribute • retribution tributary

9. belittle • (v.) to make something appear smaller than it is; to refer to in a way that suggests lack of importance or value • If you belittle a child in front of his friends, the humiliation associated with the experience will be far worse. SYNONYNS: minimize, underrate, disparage ANTONYNS: exaggerate, magnify, overestimate WORD ATTACK! be- (ME) meaning to make, cause to become

10. Image source:http://www.boston.com/news/local/gallery/0112_newneccos/ convey (v.) to transport; to transmit; to communicate, make known; to transfer ownership or title to • Please convey our condolences to Mrs. Jefferson on the death of her husband, Otto. SYNONYNS: carry, send, impart WORD ATTACK! • con- (Latin) meaning together • via (Latin) meaning way WORD FAMILIES: • conveyor • conveyance Sweetheart “Conversation Hearts” are dropping off a conveyor belt and into a tank.

11. doctrine (noun) a belief, principle, or teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles; a formulation of such beliefs or principles • It is important for Confirmation candidates to have a strong understanding of Catholic doctrine. Photo sources: www.usccb.org; www.osv.com

12. excise MULTIPLE USAGE /MEANING ALERT! PAY ATTENTION TO THE PRONUNCIATION!!!BEWARE!!! MEANINGS ARE UNRELATED! • (v.) [ek-sīz] to remove by cutting • Doctor Futz excised a pendulous excrescence from the nose of Mr. Wattle. • (noun) [ek-sīz] an indirect tax on the manufacture, sale, or distribution or a commodity or service • A significant excise is placed on gasoline at the pump, raising its price beyond the actual cost of the oil itself. SYNONYM: (v.)cut out, delete, expunge ANTONYM: (v.)put in, insert, interpolate WORD ATTACK! • ex- (Latin) meaning out • -ise (Latin) to render, make; to convert into

13. exotic • (adj.) foreign; charmingly unfamiliar or strikingly unusual • Exotic plants like orchids grow best in greenhouses. SYNONYMS: strange, alien, picturesque, colorful ANTONYMS: native, indigenous, familiar, commonplace WORD ATTACK! • exo- (Greek combining form) meaning outer, outside • -ic (Greek) meaning having some characteristics of Photo sources: fleurieflowers.com; symbianize.com; wricmumbai.org

14. haggard (adj.) thin, pale, and careworn as a result of worry or suffering; wild-looking • President Lincoln’s haggard expression attests to the heavy burden the Civil War placed upon him. SYNONYM S: drawn, gaunt, wasted ANTONYMS: healthy, glowing, radiant, hale and hearty WORD FAMILIES! • hag …Yes, hag. The etymological source of haggard is, in fact, hag. A hag is defined as an ugly old woman, a witch or shrew. To appear haggard, literally, is to a look like a hag, but the word has come to mean having a care-worn look. As such, even _________ (fill in the blank with your idea of a beautiful person here) is capable of looking haggard. Photo soucre: facesofthecivilwar.blogspot.com

15. jaunty • (adj.) lively, easy, and carefree in manner; smart or trim in appearance • Teddy is a snappy dresser, preferring casual, jaunty styles to stodgy ones. • SYNONYMS: unconcerned, lighthearted • ANTONYMS: downcast, dejected, glum WORD ATTACK! -y (OE)meaning characterized by ETYMOLOGY!!! Jaunty is related to the Old French word gentil, meaning gentle or noble, behavior associated with the gentry or nobility. This makes sense: Those high in society have always placed great importance upon appearances. Photo source: ilovedinomartin.blogspot.com

16. juncture (noun) a joining together; the point at which two things are joined; any important point in time • At this juncture, police officials are unwilling to reveal any further details about the suspect they are holding for the recent string of bank robberies in the Tucson area. SYNONYM:union, seam, joint, turning point WORD ATTACK! • -junct- (Latin) meaning join WORD FAMILIES! • junction • conjunction • injunction

17. menial MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (adj.) lowly, humble, lacking importance or dignity • Though Catholic Social Teaching disavows such actions, many cultures assign menial tasks to women and those of the lowest social status. (noun) a person who does the humble and unpleasant tasks • Poorly educated people have few options other than to take jobs as low-paid menials. SYNONYMS: (noun) underling, scullion, servant ANTONYMS: (adj.) lofty, elevated; (noun) boss, master ETYMOLOGY!!! Menial is related to the archaic (meaning long out-of-date) word meiny [mey-nee], which means household, followers, or attendants. The connection makes sense. All of these words seem to point to the underlings of a household, and as such, those most likely to be assigned the lowly tasks.

18. parry MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.)to ward off, fend off, deflect, evade, avoid • Although Ferdie parried a few of Henry’s blows, eventually the big galoot landed a shot right in Ferdie’s kisser. (noun) a defensive movement in fencing and other sports • Ferdie’s parry deflected Henry’s first punch, but a round-house slug put Ferdie on his caboose. Graphic source: www.phocabulary.com

19. predatory (adj.) preying on, plundering, or piratical • Since I always remember to pack myself a good lunch before heading off to school, I resent my twin brother Geoffrey’s predatory behavior in the lunch room when he forgets to bring something for himself. • SYNONYMS: looting, pillaging, ravenous, rapacious • WORD ATTACK! • -ory (Latin) used to form Latin nouns and verbs into adjectives • WORD FAMILIES! • predator Photo source: www.michaelnorthrop.net

20. ravage MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.)to destroy, to lay waste, ruin • Wildfires ravaged Cochise County last summer, leaving the landscape scarred and many Sierra Vista residents homeless. (noun) ruinous damage, destruction • After decades of sun exposure, the ravages of time could be seen on her deeply wrinkled face. SYNONYM: (v.) wreck, devastate ANTONYMS: (v.) spare Image source: http://morrisonworldnews.com/?p=51105

21. stance (noun) a way of holding the body; an attitude or position on an issue • The batter’s firm stance at the plate gave him both balance and leverage against the pitcher’s wicked fast balls. • Congressman Wickham’s stance on the immigration issue offends many of his constituents. SYNONYM:posture, bearing Photo credit: www.27pitches.com

22. tawdry • (adj.) showy and flashy but lacking in good taste • Designer clothing is thought to be the height of fashion, but often the styles are downright tawdry. • SYNONYMS: loud, garish, gaudy, tacky, vulgar • ANTONYMS: refined, tasteful, subdued, muted Photo source: sodahead.com; collegefashion.net; chicmenclothes.com

23. turncoat (noun) a person who switches to an opposing side or party • Benedict Arnold will be remembered in American history as a turncoat, a traitor who donned the infamous red coat in service to the Crown. SYNONYM:traitor, quisling, renegade ANTONYM: loyalist, diehard tesco.com; ushistory.org

24. unassuming (adj.) not putting on airs, unpretentious; modest • Although Angie is a talented musician, a gifted scholar, and a strikingly beautiful young lady, she has an unassuming manner that makes her well-liked by all. ANTONYMS: conceited, pretentious, arrogant WORD ATTACK! • un- (Latin) meaning not • -ing Wait a minute….You’re saying –ing will get me an adjective? Not a verb? Yes, both –ing and –ed might be adjective signals. Both of these suffixes create participles, words that are verb forms but can be used as modifiers. Always examine the USAGE of a word before making a presumption regarding its part of speech.

25. wallow MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.)to roll about in a lazy, clumsy, or helpless way; to overindulge in; to have in abundance • Every once in a while, Miss Priss wallows in some imagined misery and throws herself a little pity party. (noun) a wet, muddy, or dusty area used by animals as a sort of bath; a state of moral or physical collapse • The wallow for the rhinoceroses at the Reid Park Zoo must be watered regularly to keep it muddy. SYNONYM: (v.) delight in, bask in Photo credit: www.theblogthattimeforgot.blogspot.com

26. waver (v.) to move to and fro, become unsteady; to show lack or firmness or decision • There is no point in arguing with Mom because once she makes a decision, she simply will not waver. SYNONYNS: hesitate, falter ANTONYNS: stand firm, be resolute Photo credit:tinubos.blogspot.com