The devil is helping Jefferson pull over a pillar. What does the pillar represent?

1. The devil is helping Jefferson pull over a pillar. What does the pillar represent? • What ideas about the government did Jefferson hold that worried the Federalists Jefferson would pull down the federal government? • What goals did Jefferson achieve in reducing the size of the government?

2. Jefferson Era 1800-1815

3. Election of 1800 • Federalists nominate John Adams and Charles Pinckney • Republicans choose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr • Electoral College: Jefferson and Burr Tie • Tie Breaker determined by the House of Representatives.

4. And the winner was. . . By the urging of Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson eventually wins a majority vote in the House. Burr is chosen as Vice President.

5. As a Result of the Election of 1800: Twelfth Amendment was passed. This established that from then on each ballot must specify what post the person is to be voted for; whether President or Vice President.

6. Jefferson’s Policy • Democratic Gov’t – people are involved with the gov’t. • Small Federal Government • Strength of the Nation resides in the farmers owning their own land • Laissez Faire/ Free Market Economy- little gov’t regulations

7. Jefferson’s Inaugural Address “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

8. Conflict in the Courts • Judiciary Act 1801 expanded the regional courts • Adams spent last weeks in office appointing Federalist members as new judges and officials • Last minute appointments were nicknamed “midnight judges”

9. Conflict in the Courts • Jefferson did not allow some letters of appointment to be delivered • William Marbury sued Madison for his spot and it went to the Supreme court over issue • Marbury v. Madison – Chief Justice John Marshall decided against Marbury and established Judicial Review

10. Judicial Review • Constitution is supreme law • When a conflict between the Constitution and another law occurs, the Constitution prevails • The judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and should review federal laws to make sure they are constitutional.

11. Jefferson Overview Explain why this Election of 1800 was unique? What kind of America did Jefferson have a vision of? Who were “Midnight Judges”? What court case was brought up because Jefferson did not allow judicial appointment papers to be delivered? Explain the importance of judicial review.

12. Expansion of the U.S.1803

13. Why did Napoleon Bonaparte decide to sell Louisiana to the U.S. • Napoleon knew that the U.S. really wanted New Orleans • When Napoleon lost the West Indies Island of Haiti during a slave revolt, he lost the #1 way to maintain Louisiana. • Napoleon needed money to continue the war with Britain and the conquer the rest of Europe.

14. Why was the Mississippi River important to western settlers? • These farmers and merchants (store owners) used the river to ship their goods • Jefferson decided to purchase New Orleans for these settlers to have a port to ship out of. • He sent two men to France to offer to buy NO for $10 million • Napoleon offered all of Louisiana for $15 million. • The only doubt Jefferson had… did he reallyhave a right to buy land? Did the Constitutionallow it?

15. Why was the Louisiana purchase an important event in American history? The purchase of Louisiana doubled the size of the U.S. It also opened up a large area of land for settlers to move west. Finally, the purchase gave Americans control of the Mississippi River and the port city of New Orleans.

16. Lewis and Clark’s Expedition: • Sent to map a route to the Pacific ocean • Make trade relations with Native American tribes • Publish reports about land, plants, and animals. This inspired Americans to move west. Who helped guide Lewis and Clark across the Rocky Mountains?

17. Barbary Pirates • Pirates forced all counties to pay a tribute or they would attack their ships • Jefferson refused to pay the bribe. • He set up a blockade and a war was declared • A U.S. ship had been captured, Stephen Decatur was sent to burn the ship to prevent the pirates from using it against them. Burning of the Frigate Philadelphia in the Harbor of Tripoli, U.S. Naval Academy Museum.

18. The Road to War?

19. Embargo Act of 1807 OGRABME, or, the American Snapping-turtle • What in this cartoon represents the Embargo Act? How do you know this? • What does the man with the barrel represent? (Hint: Where is he going with the barrel?) • What did the Embargo Act do to America’s economy? • Knowing what you know about Jefferson’s philosophy on government, why would Jefferson support such a law?

21. Impressment Act by Britain of boarding American ships and forcing American sailors into the British navy.

22. The Embargo Act, 1807 The Chesapeake Incident A British Ship, Leopard, attacked an American ship called the Chesapeake, and killed three American sailors. Action between USS Chesapeake and HMS Leopard, 22 June 1807 Sketch by Fred S. Cozzens, copied from his 1897 book "Our Navy -- Its Growth and Achievements".It depicts Leopard, at right, firing on Chesapeake to enforce a demand that she submit to a search of her crew for British Navy deserters.U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph. Jefferson did not want to go to war; not yet. He called for an Embargo instead. He placed a ban on ALL foreign trade (Embargo Act of 1807) The Embargo Act hurt America’s shipping and agricultural economies. Why?

23. Presidential Election of 1808 • Madison Becomes President in 1808 • One of the first acts as President…. In 1809 Congress … • Replace the Embargo Act with the Nonintercourse Act – which means America will stop all trade with Britain and France and can trade with all other countries.

24. Problems in the Northwestern territory (Indiana Territory) • More and more white settlers moving into the area since the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1801 gave Ohio to America. • Native Americans began to unite into a confederacy under Tecumseh and his Brother, the Prophet • William Henry Harrison, gov. of Indiana, tried to sign a treaty with these tribes. Tecumseh refused.

25. Tecumseh • His goal: • To unite all Native Americans to push the white settlers out of their territory. • He also desired all Native Americans to go back to the “old ways” of life before the white man came to the lands. How did frontier battles with Tecumseh and other Native Americans intensify Americans’ desires to go to war with Great Britain?

26. British ally with Tecumseh The British were helping the Native Americans fight the white settlers out west. British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

27. How are these two birds symbols to describe politicians? Dove Hawk

28. The War HawksCongress of 1811 War Hawks had a strong sense of nationalism and did not like to see their nation being bullied by England and France. Henry Clay John C. Calhoun War Hawks and other Congressmen from the South and the Western regions who wanted to go to war. They also saw going to war as a way to acquire Canada.

29. Conflict between Great Britain and the U.S. in the early 19th century resulted in _. • War of 1812 • Civil War • Impressment of sailors • Treaty of Paris • Who was president during the Embargo Act of 1807? • George Washington • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison • Which of the following led to the Lewis and Clark Expedition? • War of 1812 • Embargo Act of 1807 • Louisiana Purchase • American Revolution • The Election of 1800 led to __. • Judicial Review • The Twelfth Amendment • Midnight Judges • War of 1812

30. “Mr. Madison’s War!” • British blockade on American ports and attacking American ships and Impressment [kidnapping] of American sailors • British helped supply Tecumseh and the Native Americans with weapons and food. • Pressure from War Hawks (may have desired for the U.S. to expand into Canada.)

31. War of 1812 America's Second War for Independence?

32. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Jefferson had cut the defense budget • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Embargo hurt America’s economy. Revenue ($) from import tariffs declined. • Regional disagreements. North v. South and West

33. Phase One of the War • U.S. ships (though small in • number) were trained to fight due to war with pirates • Navy won several battles in the Great Lakes area, specifically the Battle at Lake Erie which then led to the major defeat of the British at the Battle of the Thames. • As a result, this British and Native Americans will no longer be a threat in the Northwest.

34. The White House Is Burning;The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!(August 24, 1814) • By 1814, the British and French war ended. • Now, Britain was coming after America with a vengeance by attacking the U.S. in different ports.

35. Dolley Madison During the siege (burning) of the capital city, she stayed to save important government documents and historical portraits from being burned.

36. Bombing of Fort McHenry, 1814 Baltimore, Maryland. And the rockets red glareThe bombs bursting in air… -- Francis Scott Key

37. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there.. • Francis Scott Key wrote a poem about the bravery of the Americans at Fort McHenry. • His poem later will become America’s National Anthem called the “Star Spangled Banner”

38. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815 Andrew Jackson became a war hero, he later uses this to become president in 1828.

39. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814 The status quo ante. Nothing changed in the treaty.

40. Hartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – January, 1815 New England Considers Cecession! Were against the war and James Madison

42. What is the title of this poem? Who wrote this famous poem? Based upon the poem, what were conditions like when this poem was written? Why do you think this poem became the national anthem in 1931? Oh! say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light,What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming?Whose broad stripes and bright stars thro’ the perilous fight,O’er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,Gave proof thro’ the night that our flag was still there.Oh! say, does that star-spangled banner yet waveO’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

43. Judicial Referees • What do the teams symbolize? And the Referees? • What are the referees doing? • What is the cartoonist trying to infer? (Hint: check out the caption.) • What impact did Marbury v. Madison have on this situation?

44. Terrorism is the 19th Century • What is terrorism? • Act of causing terror or fear in someone. • What do terrorists do? • Can you name a group of modern day terrorists? What about 19th century terrorist groups? • How has Hollywood turned pirates into heroes rather than terrorists? Burning of the Frigate Philadelphia in the Harbor of Tripoli, U.S. Naval Academy Museum.

45. Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following. • Which area became a part of the U.S. in 1803? • Oregon Country • Spanish Florida • Louisiana Territory • Which physical feature helped Lewis and Clark explore the Louisiana Purchase? • The Missouri River • The Mississippi River • The Arkansas River