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Skeletal Disorders

Explore various skeletal disorders including bone and cartilage tumors, metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis and rickets, bone infections, fractures, and joint disorders such as osteoarthritis and arthritis. Gain insights on symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

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Skeletal Disorders

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  1. Skeletal Disorders Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints

  2. Tumors of Bone and Cartilage • Osteosarcoma – malignant neoplasm of bone, most common • Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue

  3. Metabolic Bone Diseases • Osteoporosis – low estrogen level, genetic, postmenopause • Excessive loss of calcified bone matrix • Loss of trabeculae in spongy bone • Compression factures = shorter stature, kyphosis “dowager’s hump”

  4. Metabolic bone disease cont. • Rickets and osteomalacia • Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone related to vit. D deficiency • Rickets = children, bowing of legs • Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to fractures • Paget disese –osteitis deformans • Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic (bone forming) activity = bone deformties

  5. Bone Infection • Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue • Persistent and severe pain, muscle spasm, swelling and fever

  6. Bone fractures • Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the skin • Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin • Complete fractures – bone fragments separate completely • Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially formed, ex. Greenstick • Comminuted fractures – breaks with many fragments • Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into each other.

  7. fractures • Linear – parallel to bones axis • Transverse – right angle to bones axis • Oblique – fracture is diagonal • Bone fracture – • Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed • Callus (bony framework) formed around injury which stabilizes the bone fragment

  8. Joint disorders - noninflammatory • Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease • Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of articular cartilage • Seen more often in hips and knees • Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes) • Sprain – acute injury to ligament around joint • Strain – involves muscle, tendon and junction between the two, most occur in muscle tissue

  9. Joint disease - inflammatory • Arthritis – general term • Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation of connective tissue, characteristic hand deformities • Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build up in the blood, deposited as sodium urate crystals in joints • Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect synovial membrane, ex. lyme

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