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Explore the fascinating world of taxonomy, the branch of biology that groups and names organisms. Learn about the classification system, from Aristotle's initial method to modern taxa, binomial nomenclature, and the domains and kingdoms.
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Chapter 18Taxonomy-branch of biology that groups & names organisms • Earth is home to millions of different kinds of organisms. • Each of these organisms share some common features with every organism • To help understand and organize information about living things, scientists have created a system for classifying them into groups.
The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, developed the first method of classification • He divided everything into 2 groups: • Plants- herbs, shrubs, trees • Animals- aquatic, terrestrial, aerial However, his system did not work. Why?
How Organisms are Classified Today The 8 Taxa • Organisms are grouped into a series of categories called taxa, each one larger than the previous one. • As you move down the list, each level becomes more specific & includes fewer members than the level above it.
Binomial Nomenclature-2 part naming system • In the 1700’s, Swedish botanis Carolus Linnaeus created the binomial nomenclature naming system still used today • It gives each kind of organism a two-part name, the first part of an organism’s name identifies the genus • The second part of the name identifies the species
