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Russia: From Empire to Federation

Narrative poems, lyric poems, short stories, novels (in prose and verse) ... censorship, foreign travel, taxes, religious tolerance. Liberation of the Serfs 1861. first ...

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Russia: From Empire to Federation

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    Slide 1:Russia: From Empire to Federation

    Slide 2:Eighth Week

    Exam results New writing assignment 40th anniversary of Cuban Missile Crisis

    Slide 3:Vanya on 42nd Street

    Characters: Vanya, Sonya, Yelena, Professor, Doctor, Waffles, Maid (Nanny), Moher Focus on relationships, feelings (hypochondria, envy, love) Tensions mounting: something will happen

    Slide 4:Decembrist Revolt, 1825

    Slide 5:Nicholas I (1825-55)

    Decembrist Revolt Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationalism Censorship Polish rebellion 1830; Crimean War Persecution of artists

    Slide 6:Golden Age of Russian Culture

    First half of 19th century Literature, painting, music Sentimentalism, Romanticism Karamzin, Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Pavlova, Glinka, Briullov

    Slide 7:Romanticism

    feelings, emotions, individualism exotic, supernatural, dreams mixed genres, irony, narrative devices mystery, complex emotions poetry, later prose (novels and short stories)

    Slide 8:Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837)

    Variety of genres Narrative poems, lyric poems, short stories, novels (in prose and verse) Plays, poems, and stories basis for musical compositions Eugene Onegin, “Queen of Spades,” Boris Godunov Russia’s Shakespeare

    Slide 9:Nikolai Gogol (1809-52)

    Plays, short stories, novel Inspector General: Play Overcoat: Short Story Dead Souls: Novel Religious views Social views

    Slide 10:The Overcoat

    How is the “hero” presented? Sympathetically? Ironically? Sarcastically? How is the hero treated by others in the story? Does the supernatural play a role?

    Slide 11:Mikhail Lermontov

    Lyric Poetry, narrative poetry Hero of Our Times (Novel)

    Slide 12:“Princess Mary”

    How would you describe Pechorin? What happens in the story? How would you describe Pechorin’s relationship with Mary? Grushnitsky? Vera? What’s the point of this story? Does it try to tell you something about love?

    Slide 13:Karolina Pavlova (1807-93)

    Poetry and prose Novel: A Dual Life (1848)

    Slide 14:What’s going on in your excerpt?

    What is the “dual life” of the heroine? Is the author critical of anything here?

    Slide 15:Criticism

    social and artistic commentary Vissarion Belinsky (1811-48): Letter to Gogol

    Slide 16:Last Day of Pompeii (1830-33)

    Slide 17:Painting and Music in the Romantic Age

    Briullov (1799-1852) Last Day of Pompeii Glinka Life for the Tsar (Ivan Susanin) Ruslan and Liudmila (based on Pushkin’s poem)

    Slide 18:Alexander II (1855-81)

    liberal Decembrists amnesty censorship, foreign travel, taxes, religious tolerance

    Slide 19:Liberation of the Serfs 1861

    first statements 1856 final statute 1861 aftermath: complications Tsar Liberator vs. Nicholas the Stick

    Slide 20:Other reforms

    Judiciary higher education military service corporal punishment zemstvo

    Slide 21:Military ventures

    Crimean War: defeat in 1855, Treaty of Paris Polish uprising, 1863 Russo-Turkish war, 1877

    Slide 22:Foreign relations

    Alaska; $7,200,000 1867 expansion into China

    Slide 23:Political developments

    1840s Westernizers: Belinsky, Chaadaev; later Herzen, Bakunin Slavophilism: Kireevsky, Khomiakov, Aksakov brothers Utopian societies

    Slide 24:More Intellectual currents

    utilitarianism positivism materialism Determinism

    Slide 25:Nikolai Chernyshevsky 1828-89

    What is to be Done? Relationship to Dostoevsky Critical tradition Critics of Catherine’s time Belinsky

    Slide 26:Realism

    Second half of 19th century Prose: novels, short stories, essays Individualism, supernatural, irrational, exotic: less important Topicality: news of the day, ideas of the day Critical edge: improve society (didacticism not obvious)

    Slide 27:Ivan Turgenev 1818-83

    Notes of a Hunter 1852 Fathers and Sons 1862 Bazarov Nihilism First Love: novella

    Slide 28:Fedor Dostoevsky 1821-81

    Slide 29:Life

    studied engineering trouble with authorities: penal servitude, exile in Siberia in the 1850s return from exile: journalism, fiction

    Slide 30:Views

    anti-Westernizers anti-Chernyshevsky

    Slide 31:Major Works

    Notes from the Underground 1864 Crime and Punishment 1865-66 The Idiot 1868-69 The Possessed 1871-72 Brothers Karamazov 1880 Legend of the Grand Inquisitor

    Slide 32:Major Ideas

    Atheism: bad Reason, logic: bad Human beings: bad Suffering: good Freedom: good Orthodoxy: good

    Slide 33:Influential

    Philosophical thought: existentialism Psychology, criminal psychology Literature: world famous novels Theology: volumes of discussions of his ideas Passionate proponents and opponents

    Slide 34:Leo Tolstoy 1828-1910

    Wealthy, Yasnaya Polyana student at Kazan U, dropped out military experience: mountain tribes and Crimean War early literary successes: Childhood

    Slide 35:Major Works

    War and Peace 1860s Anna Karenina 1870s

    Slide 36:War & Peace

    genre serial publication Napoleon Central characters meaning of life

    Slide 37:Anna Karenina

    topicality adultery theme interpretations

    Slide 38:Religious Crisis 1880

    marriage in 1860s literary success obsessions: death and meaning of life simplicity and hard work; the peasant rejection of literary work: new views on art

    Slide 39:Tolstoyism

    Non-resistance to evil Pacifism Anarchism Vegetarianism, abstinence Sermon on the Mount World-wide fame Influential followers

    Slide 40:Results

    Problems with government Excommunication from Orthodox Church Problems with wife and family

    Slide 41:Later literary works

    Death of Ivan Ilyich Resurrection 1899 (novel)

    Slide 42:Later non-literary work

    Translation of the Gospels Genres: essays, short stories, plays, novel Master and Man and Alyosha the Pot Death in 1910: legacy

    Slide 43:Alexander III 1881-1894

    conservative Pobedonostsev Trans-Siberian railroad Industrial development Famine and disease in 1890s Succession of Nicholas II

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