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MATTER

MATTER. Atoms. Smallest particles of matter that has all the characteristics of an element The nucleus is the central part of an atom and contains: Protons positive electrical charges Neutrons neutral electrical charges. Atoms.

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MATTER

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  1. MATTER

  2. Atoms • Smallest particles of matter that has all the characteristics of an element • The nucleusis the central part of an atom and contains: • Protons • positive electrical charges • Neutrons • neutral electrical charges

  3. Atoms • Energy levels (aka shells) surround the nucleus and contain: • Electrons • negatively charged particles • The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

  4. Simple Model of Atoms

  5. Model of an Atom

  6. Elements & the Periodic Table • Element is a substance that can’t be broken down into any simpler substance • Most common elements in Earth’s crust:

  7. Matter • Elements are the basic building blocks of minerals • Over 92 naturally known elements • Pattern of Periodic Table: elements are organized by their properties: • Rows are called periods on the table • Columns are called groups on the table

  8. Akali Metals • Alkali Metals in Water

  9. Periodic Table Atomic Number Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass (aka Mass Number)

  10. Isotopes • Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but varying numbers of neutrons • The mass number is the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom • These have different mass numbers: the sum of the neutrons plus protons

  11. Why Atoms Bond • When an atom’s outermost energy level does not contain the maximum number of electrons, the atom is likely to form a chemical bond with one or more atoms • A compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportions. • An ion is an atom that gains or loses electrons

  12. Types of Chemical Bonds 1. Ionic bonds form between positive and negative ions. 2. Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons. 3. Metallic bonds form between two metallic ions

  13. Bonds

  14. Bonds

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