Allied Victories: World War II in Europe & North Africa

1. Standard Addressed: 11.7 Students analyze America’s participation in World War II. CH 17-SEC 2 Lesson Objectives: Section 2 - The War for Europe and North Africa • 1. Summarize the Allies’ plan for winning the war. • 2. Identify events in the war in Europe. • 3. Describe the liberation of Europe.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. QUIZ! Fill in your ID NUMBER! First & Last Name CH-17-2

4. THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II Allied forces, led by the United States and Great Britain, battle Axis powers for control of Europe and North Africa.

5. THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • Days after Pearl Harbor, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived at the White House and spent three weeks working out war plans with FDR • They decided to focus on defeating Hitler first and then turn their attention to Japan

6. Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, commencing on 22 June 1941.

7. THE EASTERN FRONT • Hitler wanted to wipe out Stalingrad – a major industrial center • In the summer of 1942, the Germans took the offensive in the southern Soviet Union • By the winter of 1943, the Allies began to see victories on land as well as sea

8. THE EASTERN FRONT • The first great turning point was the Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad was a huge Allied victory

9. BATTLE OF STALINGRAD • For weeks the Germans pressed in on Stalingrad • Then winter set in and the Germans were wearing summer uniforms • The Germans surrendered in January of 1943 • The Soviets lost more than 1 million men in the battle (more than twice the number of deaths the U.S. suffered in all the war) Wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad

10. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

11. THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT • “Operation Torch” – an invasion of Axis -controlled North Africa --was launched by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1942

12. Allied troops landed in Casablanca, Oran and the Algiers

13. THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT • They sped eastward chasing the Afrika Korps led by German General Erwin Rommel

14. CASABLANCA MEETING • FDR and Churchill met in Casablanca and decided their next moves • 1) Plan amphibious invasions of France and Italy • 2) Only unconditional surrender would be accepted FDR and Churchill in Casablanca

15. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

16. The Battle of the Atlantic • Hitler orders submarine attacks against supply ships to Britain • - wolf packs destroy hundreds of ships in 1942 • Allies organize convoys of cargo ships with escort: • - destroyers with sonar; planes with radar • Construction of Liberty ships (cargo carriers) speeds up

17. The power of the German submarines was great, and in two months' time almost two million tons of Allied ships were resting on the ocean floor. Efforts were soon made to restrict German subs' activities.

18. ALLIES CONTROL U-BOATS In the first seven months of 1942, German U-boats sank 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic Something had to be done or the war at sea would be lost First, Allies used convoys of ships & airplanes to transport supplies Destroyers used sonar to track U-boats Airplanes were used to track the U-boats ocean surfaces With this improved tracking, Allies inflicted huge losses on German U-boats U-426 sinks after attack from the air, January 1944. Almost two-thirds of all U-boat sailors died during the Battle of the Atlantic.

20. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

21. ITALIAN CAMPAIGN – ANOTHER ALLIED VICTORY • The Italian Campaign got off to a good start as the Allies easily took Sicily • Summer 1943, King Emmanuel III stripped Mussolini of his power and had him arrested • Hitler sends in commandos to rescue Mussolini

22. 1944 Allies win “Bloody Anzio”; Germans continue strong resistance • Heated battles ensued and it wasn’t until 1945 that Italy was secured by the Allies

23. D-Day • Allies set up phantom army, send fake radio messages to fool Germans • Eisenhower directs Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day June 6, 1944 The Allies Liberate Europe

24. The Allies Liberate Europe • D-Day • Allies set up phantom army, send fake radio messages to fool Germans

25. ALLIES LIBERATE EUROPE Allies sent fake coded messages indicating they would attack here • Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they began plans on a dramatic invasion of France • It was known as “Operation Overlord” and the commander was American General Dwight D. Eisenhower • Also called “D-Day,” the operation involved 3 million U.S. & British troops and was set for June 6, 1944

26. D-DAY JUNE 6, 1944 • D-Day was the largest land-sea-air operation in military history • Despite air support, German retaliation was brutal – especially at Omaha Beach • Within a month, the Allies had landed 1 million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles D-Day was an amphibious landing – soldiers going from sea to land

28. The Allies Liberate Europe • The Allies Gain Ground • General Omar Bradley bombs to create gap in enemy defense line • General George Patton leads Third Army, reach Paris in August Continued . . . NEXT

29. OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44

30. Landing at Normandy

31. Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France

32. Losses were extremely heavy on D-Day

33. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

34. LIBERATION OF DEATH CAMPS While the British and Americans moved westward into Germany, the Soviets moved eastward into German-controlled Poland The Soviets discovered many death camps that the Germans had set up within Poland The Americans also liberated Nazi death camps within Germany

36. IMAGES FROM A NIGHTMARE Some of these images are disturbing

42. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

43. FRANCE FREED • By September 1944, the Allies had freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg • That good news – and the American’s people’s desire not to “change horses in midstream” – helped elect FDR to an unprecedented 4th term General George Patton (right) was instrumental in Allies freeing France

44. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

45. America enters Germany • In October 1944, Americans captured their first German town (Aachen)– the Allies were closing in • Hitler responded with one last ditch massive offensive • Hitler hoped breaking through the Allied line would break up Allied supply lines

46. GUIDED READING:The War for Europe and North Africa

47. BATTLE OF THE BULGE • December German tank divisions drive 60 miles into Allied area • The battle raged for a month – eventually the Germans are pushed back The Battle of the Bulge was Germany’s last gasp

48. Little seemed to have changed, but in fact the Germans had sustained heavy losses

49. BATTLE OF THE BULGE • Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and 1,600 planes • From that point on the Nazis could do little but retreat

50. Hitler tries to fight the last (old) man and youngest