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The Information-Processing Approach. Fall 2003 FOUN 3100 Sondra M. Parmer Auburn University. Information-Processing Approach. Emphasizes that children manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to this approach are the processes of memory and thinking.
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The Information-Processing Approach Fall 2003 FOUN 3100 Sondra M. Parmer Auburn University
Information-Processing Approach • Emphasizes that children manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. • Central to this approach are the processes of memory and thinking. • Children develop a gradually increasing capacity for processing information.
Three Main Characteristics of the Information-Processing Approach
Thinking • Thinking IS information processing. • Highly flexible: Adjust and Adapt • Limits: Amount and Speed
Change Mechanisms Encoding Information gets into memory automatization process information with little effort Strategy Discovery of new Construction processing procedures such as transfer and generalization
Self-Modification • Metacognition (“knowing about knowing”) - students’ self-awareness can enable them to adapt and manage their strategies during problem solving and thinking.
Memory - The retention of information over time • ENCODING - Getting information into memory • STORAGE - Retaining information over time • RETRIEVAL - Taking information out of storage
Encoding • Attention - concentrating and focusing mental resources • Selectivity • Shifting from one activity to another appropriately • Salient vs. relevant aspects of stimuli • Attention-focusing strategies
Encoding • Rehearsal - repetition of information • Deep Processing - shallow vs. deep processing • Elaboration - the extensiveness of information processing involved in encoding (i.e., personal associations and meaningfulness)
Encoding • Constructing images • verbal vs. image code • Organization • chunking strategy - using units of information that correspond to some familiar pattern (e.g., telephone numbers, social security numbers)
Chunking i g d b f d n o n u c a
Chunking • Recall the letters
Chunking c o u n f b a d d i n g
Chunking • Recall the letters
Center Time • Get in groups of 4 people. • There are 6 centers set up around the room. • At each center there are written directions for a memory activity. • Each group should complete the activity. • Then each group should answer the questions written on the directions at the center. • Each group will report back to the class a summary of the activity and a summary of the answers to the questions.