Age of the Reformation I

1. Age of the Reformation I The Pre-Reformation

2. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 Errr…John Wyclife Wyclif, Wyclyf, Wyclyffe Wiclif, Wiclef, Wicliff, Wycleff, Whyteclyve, Wyclyve + about 10 more versions

3. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Morning Star of the Reformation • Well educated, spent most of life at Oxford and was master of Canterbury Hall • 1366 with the kings blessing he began rebuking Papal authority • 1377 Comes before the Tribunal of William Courtenay and leaves under the protection of the Duke of Lancaster

4. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Pope Gregory XI orders Wycliffe to prison, but dies the year after, and the Papal Schism starts • 1380 Wycliffe founds the “pore priests” oxford graduates who go out preaching many without ordination • 1382 Courtenay becomes Archibishop of Canterbury and holds the Earthquake Synod • 24 articles of Wycliffe’s were condemned

5. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Wycliffe loses King Richard II’s favor, is kicked out of Oxford and all his books are burned • Wrote the Trialogus • Denounced Indulgences as “an abomination of desolation in the holy place” • Was summoned to Rome, but refused saying he submits only to Christ’s authority

6. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 • Finishes with help his English paraphrase of the bible based upon the vulgate • 1382 suffers a stroke resulting in minor paralysis • 1384 has another stroke and dies in church • 1413 Lateran decrees his books should be burned • 1429 Council of Constance orders him Exhumed and burned, scattering his ashes

7. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 5 main themes in his teachings • The Nature of the Church • The Fallacy of the Papacy • The Priesthood • The Falsity of Transubstantiation • The use of Scripture

8. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Nature of the Church • A universal Church comprised of the Elect • All those who believe in Christ belong, regardless of their position with the RCC • The Peoples’ head is Christ • The concept of church vs. Church

9. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Fallacy of the Papacy • totum papale officium venenosum • “The Papal office is wholly poisonous” • The Rock is Peter and all people • Mocked the “most holie fadir”

10. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The Priesthood • Priests Absolution was only meritorious if they themselves were absolved • Celibacy is good but sinful if mandatory • No such thing as utilitarian sin • Anti-friar

11. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 Falsity of Transubstantiation • Communion was meant figuratively • No transubstantiation without transaccidentiation • “Super omnia vincit veritas rationis” • The truth of reason will triumph over all

12. John Wycliffe 1324-1384 The use of Scripture • Council of Toulouse 1229 forbid the bible to Laymen • Is the absolute authority • It has one Literal meaning • Must be accessable to ALL

13. Lollards • A.K.A. Wycliffites • Came from the term lolium – tares or lullen – to sing • Based in England they were lumped with other heretics like the Beghards • Suppressed/Martyred during the Inquisition • 1st Generation wasn’t willing to be martyred, the later ones were • Against: forced celibacy, transubstantiation, pilgrimages, image worship, priestly confession, indulgences, mitres, oil, incense, and war

15. John Huss 1369-1416 • John Jon Jan Hus Huss • A.K.A. “The Goose” • Lived in Bohemia, preached in Bethlehem Chapel in Prag(ue) • Was very wycliffean, following & “borrowing” many of his teachings • Crusade was called against Naples and Indulgence sellers came to Prag • Huss publically burned Papal Bulls

17. John Huss 1369-1416 • He was Excommunicated, Interdicted, and Exiled • Wrote De Ecclesia – mostly copied Wycliffe • Declared the Pope is not to be obeyed if he is a sinner • Oct 11, 1414 Huss is promised safe conduct by Emperor Sigismund to the Council of Constance • Huss is falsely charged with escaping and imprisioned next to the latrines, becoming sick

18. John Huss 1369-1416 • He is transferred to the control of Sigismund and imprisoned along with ex-pope John XXIII • The council declared the cup forbidden to laity, Huss disagreed • Is given a public kangaroo trial and condemned • His books are forbidden and burned

19. John Huss 1369-1416 • He is declared Heresiarch and his soul is condemned to hell by the council • He declares “and I commit myself to the most gracious Lord Jesus” • He was turned over to Sigismund in order that he be executed • May 30, 1416 is burned at the stake, all the while singing loud praise to God

20. Hussites • Followers of Huss split into two main groups the Taborites and Calixtines • Popular revolt occurred in Prag after the burning of Huss • Council of Constance condemns the followers of Huss and newly elected Pope Martin V calls a crusade against Bohemia • The crusade was repelled and the Hussites invaded Germany • Council of Basel made peace in 1431, but the Taborists were unhappy

21. Hussites • A 22,000 person slaughter occurred in Prag and the Taborists were defeated by the catholic sympathetic Calixtines • Calixtines existed until 1629 when they were crushed by Ferdinand • Unitares Fratres – the Bohemian Bretheren: moved to the countryside, rejected catholic sacraments, oaths, war, military service, purgatory and unworthy priests

22. Fullness of time for the Reformation • Renaissance • Rise of Intellectualism • Printing Press • Immoral Papacy • Nationalism