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Unit 3

Chapters 9-10. Unit 3. The purpose of fermentation reactions is. To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue To make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions To make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough

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Unit 3

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  1. Chapters 9-10 Unit 3

  2. The purpose of fermentation reactions is • To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue • To make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions • To make additional ATP when respiration can’t make ATP fast enough • To slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce • To make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available

  3. If your muscle cells used alcoholfermentation instead of lactic acid fermentation, which of the following might occur? • Your cells would make more ATP in anaerobic conditions. • Your cells would not be able to produce ATP in anaerobic conditions. • You might become drunk when sprinting to catch a bus. • Your cells would recycle less NADH to NAD+ in anaerobic conditions. • Your cells would release less CO2 in anaerobic conditions.

  4. Mitochondria and Alternative Energy SourcesPetite mutants of yeast have defective mitochondria incapable of oxidative phosphorylation. What carbon sources can these mutants use to grow? • glucose • fatty acids • pyruvate • all of the above • none of the above

  5. Catabolism and AnaerobiosisDuring intense exercise, as muscles go into anaerobiosis, the body will increase its consumption of • fats. • proteins. • carbohydrates. • all of the above

  6. Photosynthesis and Organic CarbonThe organic carbon in a tree comes primarily from • soil. • water. • air. • organic fertilizer (manure, detritus). • light.

  7. What colors of light will drive photosynthesis by green plants most efficiently? • red only • yellow only • green only • blue only • red and blue

  8. Origin of Oxygen GasWhich experiment will produce 18O2? • experiment 1 • experiment 2 • both experiment 1 and experiment 2 • neither experiment

  9. Oxygen, Earth History, and EvolutionWhich evolutionary development caused the initial oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere? • the evolution of the earliest photosynthetic organisms that had only PSI • the evolution of cyanobacteria with PSI + PSII • the evolution of the first land plants • the evolution of the woody plants • the evolution of flowering plants

  10. NADPH is produced by • respiration in the mitochondria. • the citric acid cycle. • photosystem II. • photosystem I. • photorespiration.

  11. How are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle connected? • The light reactions provide ATP to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provide NADPH for the light reactions. • The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions. • The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns reduced sugars to the light reactions. • The light reactions provide NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides RuBP to the light reactions. • The light reactions provide RuBP to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns G3P to the light reactions.

  12. Calvin-Benson Experiment to Identify CO2 AcceptorIn this diagram, compound X is the CO2 acceptor. If light is cut off, then • X and 3PG will both increase. • X will increase, 3PG decrease. • X will decrease, 3PG increase. • X and 3PG will both decrease.

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