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Hitler's Totalitarian Regime and Road to WWII

Learn about Hitler's rise to power, the persecution of Jews, and the events leading to WWII under his totalitarian regime in the 1930s. Explore his goals, invasion strategies, and the reasons behind the Allies' actions. Discover how the world responded to Hitler's aggressive moves.

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Hitler's Totalitarian Regime and Road to WWII

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  1. ********* CH 32: WWII 1939-1945

  2. What is Totalitarianism? • Total control over the lives of individual citizens • Forms of totalitarianism: • 1. Communism (Soviet Union) • 2. Fascism (Italy)

  3. Features of A Totalitarian State • 1. Single party Dictatorship • 2. State control of Economy • 3. Police spies • 4. Strict Censorship • 5. Use of schools & media to indoctrinate citizens • 6. Unquestioning obedience to single ruler

  4. Road To WWII • Versailles Treaty (WWI) the source of all of Germany’s economic troubles Map of Europe after 1919

  5. Hitler’s Rise to Power Hitler’s Rise to Power • Ran for President in 1932 • He lost 13 million votes vs. 19 million • President Hindenberg named him Chancellor in 1933

  6. Hitler’s Appeal • 40 Years old • 40% of the party under 40 • Ideas of national recovery, rapid change, personal advancement appealing to a desperate population • Delivered a scapegoat

  7. Consolidation of Power • Hitler • 1. Captured full legal authority • 2. Crushed opposition • 3. Purged Nazi party of rivals

  8. Hitler’s Rule by Fear • Established SS Organization • Police surveillance • “Protective Force” • 1933 = 52,000 members • Heinrich Himmler, Commander

  9. The Persecution of Jews Began 1933-1934 • Boycotts against Jews • Jews fired from government jobs including teachers, University Professors, Doctors, Lawyers, etc.

  10. The Persecution of Jews 1933-1934 • Jews fired from jobs in radio, theatres, and art • Books written by Jews burned in bonfires • Prohibited from owning land

  11. Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Defined “Jewish” as having at least 1 Jewish grandparent • No religious connotation • Legal basis for discrimination

  12. Nuremberg Laws, 1935 • Deprived Jewish community of citizenship rights • Marriage between Jews & “non” Jews banned • Yellow star of David

  13. Kristallnacht, 1938 • “Night of Broken Glass” • Persecution increased • Nov. 9-10 Nazis burned & destroyed thousands of Jewish homes, businesses, and temples

  14. Kristallnacht, 1938 • 100 Jews killed • 7,500 Jewish homes, businesses destroyed • Hundreds schools, cemeteries, synagogues vandalized • 30,000 Jews arrested • Jewish shops ordered to close by December 31st, 1938

  15. “The Echoes of Kristallnacht”, 2018 • https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/574309/kristallnacht/ • Thoughts?

  16. Hitler’s Goals: • 1. To bring German speaking “Volk” (people) together as a single nation • 2. Lebensraum – the need for more “living space” • 3. Removal of “undesirables” • 4. Territorial Expansion

  17. Hitler “Re-armed” Germany • 1. 1935 formed German air force LUFTWAFFE • 2. Conscription (draft) • League of Nations condemned act, but did nothing

  18. Rome –Berlin Axis, 1936 • Benitio Mussolini (Italy) & Adolf Hitler’s (Germany) created an alliance

  19. Hitler Invaded… • (1.) The Rhineland, 1936 • Region between Germany & France • “lebensraum” policy began

  20. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937 • Alliance formed between : Germany, Italy, Japan • Pledged to oppose international communism

  21. Anschluss with Austria, 1938 • The “union” of Germany & Austria • Violation of Treaty of Versailles • Czechoslovakia was now threatened

  22. Munich Conference, Sept.1938 • Hitler Threatens to invade Czechoslovakia • French, Russians, British warn Hitler • They will support Czechs…

  23. Hitler Invaded… • Sudentenland 1938 (Czechoslovakia)

  24. Nazi- Soviet Pact, 1939 • Stalin (U.S.S.R.) Signed non-aggression pact with Hitler (Germany)

  25. Hitler Invaded…(Cont’d) • Poland Sept. 1st, 1939 • Great Britain & France declared war on Germany • WWII officially began on this date

  26. Poland • invaded by Germans from the West • Invaded by Soviet Union from the East • Poland divided between the two

  27. Why Didn’t Anyone Stop Hitler Prior To Sept. 1st 1939? • The “Appeasement” Policy: • Allowing aggressors to have what they want… • In the hope they will demand no more

  28. “Blitzkrieg” • The German military strategy “Lightning Warfare” • Brutal surprise attacks by the • “Luftwaffe” – German air force • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUjrnlMAtQ4

  29. 2 Sides • ALLIES: • 1. Great Britain • 2. France • 3. U.S. (joined 1941) • 4. Soviet Union (joined 1941 After Hitler betrayed Stalin) • AXIS POWERS: • 1. Germany • 2. Italy • 3. Japan

  30. (1940) Meanwhile, Hitler… • Invaded and conquered Northern Europe • Denmark, Norway April,1940

  31. (1940) Hitler Invaded :… • Belgium • Netherlands • Luxembourg • May, 1940

  32. And Conquered France! • Germans attacked May 10, 1940 • France surrendered June 22, 1940 • Defeat of France shocked the world

  33. Battle of Britain • Great Britain bombed Aug. 1940 • 1 night- 70,000 fire bombs dropped • London bombed every night for 2 months!

  34. Battle of Britain • Much of London destroyed • 15,000 civilian casualties • British won… barely • “Operation Pied Piper” – British children were sent to the countryside for safety reasons

  35. Battle of Britain in Film: The Chronicles of Narnia • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS01Pdg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ6exK876G0

  36. Peter Pan 2: Return to Neverland (2002) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4SAD81xrVc

  37. Yes, This is a WWII Reference • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrHkKXFRbCI

  38. Operation Barbarossa, 1941 • Hitler Betrayed Stalin! • And invaded the Soviet Union in June! • And then winter began… • Soviet Union won.. barely

  39. Soviet “Night Witches” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FkoDM9bFXU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9zjrkUGE-o

  40. The Holocaust Begins • Hitler and Nazis ordered all Jews to move to designated cities • Ghettos

  41. 1941 – The “Final Solution” • A program of genocide • extermination of Jews, people of color, Gypsies, Clergy, disabled

  42. Concentration Camps • 1941-1942- transported to concentration camps • Largest: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland • 6 Million Jews Killed, 6 Million Non- Jews Killed

  43. Who Was Anne Frank? • https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/who-was-anne-frank/

  44. Persecution of Gypsies • Roma People from various parts of Europe • 250,000 – 500,000 Died in the Holocaust

  45. In the Meantime… • Japan, like Germany, invaded its neighbors • 1. Invaded Manchuria 1931 • 2. Invaded China 1937 • Nanking- 200,000 Chinese citizens killed • 3. Invaded Indo-China (Vietnam)

  46. In response to Japanese Aggression… President Roosevelt • Froze Japanese assets in U.S. • Restricted oil exports to Japan • Placed embargo on sale of scrap iron to Japan

  47. In Retaliation, Japan Planned a Secret Attack on American Territory

  48. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • December 7, 1941 • Japanese planes attack American fleet • 2,400 die • 1,200 wounded • U.S. officially joined WWII in 1941 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBdIR7_B3JA

  49. Why Pearl Harbor? • Key American military base in the Pacific • Dec. 8 :President Roosevelt/Congress declared war on Japan • Dec. 11: Germany & Italy declared war on U.S.

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