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Colonization. Part 1 – The First English Colonies. Objectives. Name the first three English colonies in America. 2. Describe how representative government took root in Virginia. 3. Explain why the Pilgrims started a colony in North America.
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Colonization Part 1 – The First English Colonies
Objectives • Name the first three English colonies in • America 2. Describe how representative government took root in Virginia 3. Explain why the Pilgrims started a colony in North America 4. Describe how Native Americans helped the Colonies to survive
Settlement at Roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh raised money to start a colony in North America. • Colonists landed on Roanoke Island off the coast of present-day North Carolina in 1585. • Colonists ran short of food & quarreled with neighboring Native Americans. • Settlers returned to England.
Roanoke – Part Two • Raleigh asked settlers to return to Roanoke with their wives and children in 1587. • Supplies ran low. John White, leader, returned to England to get supplies. • White was unable to return for three years because of war between England and Spain. • White found that the settlers at Roanoke had disappeared.
Jamestown Colony • King James I granted charter to the Virginia Company giving it the right to settle lands between North Carolina and the Potomac River. • Charter guaranteed colonists of Virginia the same rights as English citizens. • Colonists arrived in 1607 naming their settlement Jamestown for King James I. • Jamestown started in swampy area – colonists suffered from disease. • Jamestown became the first permanent English colony in America.
Starvation and Recovery • Captain John Smith observed colonists not planting enough crops because they wanted to hunt for gold. • Smith set up rule, “If you don’t work, you don’t eat!” – saved colony. • Smith set up friendly relations with nearby Powhatan tribe. • Pocahontas married settler John Rolfe. • Colonists began growing tobacco which was an economic success for the colony.
1619 • Male settlers in Jamestown allowed to elect representatives to House of Burgesses – the beginning of representative government in America • Women settlers arrived in Jamestown • African Americans were brought to Jamestown to work as laborers for growing tobacco – some were slaves for life, some were indentured servants
Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom • Pilgrims belonged to religious group called Separatists – wanted to separate from the Church of England • Separatists were fined, jailed, and executed for religious beliefs in England • Pilgrims moved to Holland, but their children were losing English way of life • Pilgrims decided to set up a colony in North America
Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims set sail in Mayflower in 1620. • Pilgrims signed Mayflower Compact which set up rules for their new settlement. • Named William Bradford as Gov. • Pilgrims named their colony Plymouth. • Pilgrims received help from Native Americans – Samoset and Squanto. • Pilgrims celebrated harvest in fall of 1621 – invited Native Americans (first Thanksgiving).
